tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
BMC Med
. 2024 Nov 7;22(1):520.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03708-1. Predicting post-COVID-19 condition in children and young people up to 24 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test: the CLoCk study
Manjula D Nugawela[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Terence Stephenson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roz Shafran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Trudie Chalder[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Emma Dalrymple[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tamsin Ford[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lana Fox-Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anthony Harnden[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Isobel Heyman[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Shamez N Ladhani[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Kelsey McOwat[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ruth Simmons[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Olivia Swann[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Elizabeth Whittaker[SUP] 8 [/SUP]; CLoCk Consortium; Snehal M Pinto Pereira[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Collaborators, Affiliations
Background: Predicting which children and young people (CYP) are at the highest risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) could improve care pathways. We aim to develop and validate prediction models for persistent PCC up to 24 months post-infection in CYP.
Methods: CYP who were PCR-positive between September 2020 and March 2021, with follow-up data up to 24-months post-infection, were analysed. Persistent PCC was defined in two ways, as PCC at (a) 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 943) or (b) 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 2373). Prediction models were developed using logistic regression; performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination measures; internal validation was performed via bootstrapping; the final model was adjusted for overfitting.
Results: While 24.7% (233/943) of CYP met the PCC definition 3 months post-infection, only 7.2% (68/943) continued to meet the PCC definition at all three subsequent timepoints, i.e. at 6, 12 and 24 months. The final models predicting risk of persistent PCC (at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and at 6, 12 and 24 months) contained sex (female), history of asthma, allergy problems, learning difficulties at school and family history of ongoing COVID-19 problems, with additional variables (e.g. older age at infection and region of residence) in the model predicting PCC at 6, 12 and 24 months. Internal validation showed minimal overfitting of models with good calibration and discrimination measures (optimism-adjusted calibration slope: 1.064-1.142; C-statistic: 0.724-0.755).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the only prediction models estimating the risk of CYP persistently meeting the PCC definition up to 24 months post-infection. The models could be used to triage CYP after infection. CYP with factors predicting longer-term symptomology, may benefit from earlier support.
Keywords: Children and young people; Cohort study; Post-COVID-19 condition; Prediction model.
. 2024 Nov 7;22(1):520.
doi: 10.1186/s12916-024-03708-1. Predicting post-COVID-19 condition in children and young people up to 24 months after a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR-test: the CLoCk study
Manjula D Nugawela[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Terence Stephenson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Roz Shafran[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Trudie Chalder[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Emma Dalrymple[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tamsin Ford[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lana Fox-Smith[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anthony Harnden[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Isobel Heyman[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Shamez N Ladhani[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Kelsey McOwat[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Ruth Simmons[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Olivia Swann[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Elizabeth Whittaker[SUP] 8 [/SUP]; CLoCk Consortium; Snehal M Pinto Pereira[SUP] 9 [/SUP]
Collaborators, Affiliations
- PMID: 39511637
- DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03708-1
Background: Predicting which children and young people (CYP) are at the highest risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) could improve care pathways. We aim to develop and validate prediction models for persistent PCC up to 24 months post-infection in CYP.
Methods: CYP who were PCR-positive between September 2020 and March 2021, with follow-up data up to 24-months post-infection, were analysed. Persistent PCC was defined in two ways, as PCC at (a) 3, 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 943) or (b) 6, 12 and 24 months post-infection (N = 2373). Prediction models were developed using logistic regression; performance was assessed using calibration and discrimination measures; internal validation was performed via bootstrapping; the final model was adjusted for overfitting.
Results: While 24.7% (233/943) of CYP met the PCC definition 3 months post-infection, only 7.2% (68/943) continued to meet the PCC definition at all three subsequent timepoints, i.e. at 6, 12 and 24 months. The final models predicting risk of persistent PCC (at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months and at 6, 12 and 24 months) contained sex (female), history of asthma, allergy problems, learning difficulties at school and family history of ongoing COVID-19 problems, with additional variables (e.g. older age at infection and region of residence) in the model predicting PCC at 6, 12 and 24 months. Internal validation showed minimal overfitting of models with good calibration and discrimination measures (optimism-adjusted calibration slope: 1.064-1.142; C-statistic: 0.724-0.755).
Conclusions: To our knowledge, these are the only prediction models estimating the risk of CYP persistently meeting the PCC definition up to 24 months post-infection. The models could be used to triage CYP after infection. CYP with factors predicting longer-term symptomology, may benefit from earlier support.
Keywords: Children and young people; Cohort study; Post-COVID-19 condition; Prediction model.