tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
BMJ Open
. 2021 Feb 15;11(2):e042002.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042002.
Assessing the regional impact of Japan's COVID-19 state of emergency declaration: a population-level observational study using social networking services
Daisuke Yoneoka[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Shoi Shi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Shuhei Nomura[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Yuta Tanoue[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 6 [/SUP], Takayuki Kawashima[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 7 [/SUP], Akifumi Eguchi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kentaro Matsuura[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Koji Makiyama[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Shinya Uryu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Keisuke Ejima[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Haruka Sakamoto[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Toshibumi Taniguchi[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Kunishima[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Stuart Gilmour[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hiroshi Nishiura[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Hiroaki Miyata[SUP] 17 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objective: On 7 April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. To estimate the impact of the declaration on regional cities with low numbers of COVID-19 cases, large-scale surveillance to capture the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 was urgently conducted in this study.
Design: Cohort study.
Setting: Social networking service (SNS)-based online survey conducted in five prefectures of Japan: Tottori, Kagawa, Shimane, Tokushima and Okayama.
Participants: 127 121 participants from the five prefectures surveyed between 24 March and 5 May 2020.
Interventions: An SNS-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was launched. It asks questions regarding postcode, personal information, preventive actions, and current and past symptoms related to COVID-19.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: Empirical Bayes estimates of age-sex-standardised incidence rate (EBSIR) of symptoms and the spatial correlation between the number of those who reported having symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases were examined to identify the geographical distribution of symptoms in the five prefectures.
Results: 97.8% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters of fever with significant spatial correlation (r=0.67) with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, especially in the urban centres of prefectural capital cities.
Conclusions: Given that there are still several high-risk areas measured by EBSIR, careful discussion on which areas should be reopened at the end of the state of emergency is urgently required using real-time SNS system to monitor the nationwide epidemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; epidemiology; health policy; infectious diseases.
. 2021 Feb 15;11(2):e042002.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042002.
Assessing the regional impact of Japan's COVID-19 state of emergency declaration: a population-level observational study using social networking services
Daisuke Yoneoka[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Shoi Shi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 4 5 [/SUP], Shuhei Nomura[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Yuta Tanoue[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 6 [/SUP], Takayuki Kawashima[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 7 [/SUP], Akifumi Eguchi[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 8 [/SUP], Kentaro Matsuura[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Koji Makiyama[SUP] 10 11 [/SUP], Shinya Uryu[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Keisuke Ejima[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Haruka Sakamoto[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Toshibumi Taniguchi[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Hiroyuki Kunishima[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Stuart Gilmour[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hiroshi Nishiura[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Hiroaki Miyata[SUP] 17 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33589454
- DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042002
Abstract
Objective: On 7 April 2020, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency in response to the novel coronavirus outbreak. To estimate the impact of the declaration on regional cities with low numbers of COVID-19 cases, large-scale surveillance to capture the current epidemiological situation of COVID-19 was urgently conducted in this study.
Design: Cohort study.
Setting: Social networking service (SNS)-based online survey conducted in five prefectures of Japan: Tottori, Kagawa, Shimane, Tokushima and Okayama.
Participants: 127 121 participants from the five prefectures surveyed between 24 March and 5 May 2020.
Interventions: An SNS-based healthcare system named COOPERA (COvid-19: Operation for Personalized Empowerment to Render smart prevention And care seeking) was launched. It asks questions regarding postcode, personal information, preventive actions, and current and past symptoms related to COVID-19.
Primary and secondary outcome measures: Empirical Bayes estimates of age-sex-standardised incidence rate (EBSIR) of symptoms and the spatial correlation between the number of those who reported having symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases were examined to identify the geographical distribution of symptoms in the five prefectures.
Results: 97.8% of participants had no subjective symptoms. We identified several geographical clusters of fever with significant spatial correlation (r=0.67) with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases, especially in the urban centres of prefectural capital cities.
Conclusions: Given that there are still several high-risk areas measured by EBSIR, careful discussion on which areas should be reopened at the end of the state of emergency is urgently required using real-time SNS system to monitor the nationwide epidemic.
Keywords: COVID-19; epidemiology; health policy; infectious diseases.