tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Biol Int
. 2021 Feb 16.
doi: 10.1002/cbin.11572. Online ahead of print.
Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid-19
Zafer Yildirim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Oyku Semahat Sahin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Seyhan Yazar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vildan Bozok Cetintas[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Since December 2019, a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named Covid-19 and declared as a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Clinical symptoms of Covid-19 range from common cold to more severe disease defined as pneumonia, hypoxia, and severe respiratory distress. In the next stage, disease can become more critical with respiratory failure, sepsis, septic shock, and/or multi-organ failure. Outcomes of Covid-19 indicate large gaps between the male-female and the young-elder groups. Several theories have been proposed to explain variations, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and genetic factors. It is likely that mixture of genetic and non-genetic factors interplays between virus and host genetics and determines the severity of disease outcome. In this review we aimed to summarize current literature in terms of potential host genetic and epigenetic factors that associated with increased severity of Covid-19. Several studies indicated that the genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism related (Angiotensin converting enzymes, Transmembrane serine protease-2, Furin) and host innate immune response related genes (Interferons, Interleukins, Toll like receptors); HLA, ABO, 3p21.31 and 9q34.2 loci are critical host determinants related to Covid-19 severity. Epigenetic mechanisms also effects Covid-19 outcomes by regulating interferon signalling, ACE2 expression and immunity related genes that particularly on the X chromosome. Enhanced understanding of host genetic and epigenetic factors and viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improved prognostic tools and innovative therapeutics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; disease severity; epigenetic; genetic predisposition; host genetic factors.
. 2021 Feb 16.
doi: 10.1002/cbin.11572. Online ahead of print.
Genetic and epigenetic factors associated with increased severity of Covid-19
Zafer Yildirim[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Oyku Semahat Sahin[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Seyhan Yazar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vildan Bozok Cetintas[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33590936
- DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11572
Abstract
Since December 2019, a new form of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide. The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 was named Covid-19 and declared as a pandemic by the WHO in March 2020. Clinical symptoms of Covid-19 range from common cold to more severe disease defined as pneumonia, hypoxia, and severe respiratory distress. In the next stage, disease can become more critical with respiratory failure, sepsis, septic shock, and/or multi-organ failure. Outcomes of Covid-19 indicate large gaps between the male-female and the young-elder groups. Several theories have been proposed to explain variations, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and genetic factors. It is likely that mixture of genetic and non-genetic factors interplays between virus and host genetics and determines the severity of disease outcome. In this review we aimed to summarize current literature in terms of potential host genetic and epigenetic factors that associated with increased severity of Covid-19. Several studies indicated that the genetic variants of the SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanism related (Angiotensin converting enzymes, Transmembrane serine protease-2, Furin) and host innate immune response related genes (Interferons, Interleukins, Toll like receptors); HLA, ABO, 3p21.31 and 9q34.2 loci are critical host determinants related to Covid-19 severity. Epigenetic mechanisms also effects Covid-19 outcomes by regulating interferon signalling, ACE2 expression and immunity related genes that particularly on the X chromosome. Enhanced understanding of host genetic and epigenetic factors and viral interactions of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for improved prognostic tools and innovative therapeutics. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Covid-19; SARS-CoV-2; disease severity; epigenetic; genetic predisposition; host genetic factors.