tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Host Microbe
. 2023 Mar 29;S1931-3128(23)00109-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.005. Online ahead of print.
IFITM3 blocks influenza virus entry by sorting lipids and stabilizing hemifusion
Steffen Klein[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gonen Golani[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fabio Lolicato[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Carmen Lahr[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniel Beyer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Alexia Herrmann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Moritz Wachsmuth-Melm[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nina Reddmann[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Romy Brecht[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mehdi Hosseinzadeh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Androniki Kolovou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jana Makroczyova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sarah Peterl[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martin Schorb[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yannick Schwab[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Britta Brügger[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Walter Nickel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ulrich S Schwarz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Petr Chlanda[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the entry of numerous viruses through undefined molecular mechanisms. IFITM3 localizes in the endosomal-lysosomal system and specifically affects virus fusion with target cell membranes. We found that IFITM3 induces local lipid sorting, resulting in an increased concentration of lipids disfavoring viral fusion at the hemifusion site. This increases the energy barrier for fusion pore formation and the hemifusion dwell time, promoting viral degradation in lysosomes. In situ cryo-electron tomography captured IFITM3-mediated arrest of influenza A virus membrane fusion. Observation of hemifusion diaphragms between viral particles and late endosomal membranes confirmed hemifusion stabilization as a molecular mechanism of IFITM3. The presence of the influenza fusion protein hemagglutinin in post-fusion conformation close to hemifusion sites further indicated that IFITM3 does not interfere with the viral fusion machinery. Collectively, these findings show that IFITM3 induces lipid sorting to stabilize hemifusion and prevent virus entry into target cells.
Keywords: IFITM3; continuum membrane modeling; in situ cryo-ET; influenza A virus; innate immunity; lipid sorting; membrane fusion; molecular dynamics simulations; subtomogram averaging; viral entry.
. 2023 Mar 29;S1931-3128(23)00109-9.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.005. Online ahead of print.
IFITM3 blocks influenza virus entry by sorting lipids and stabilizing hemifusion
Steffen Klein[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gonen Golani[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Fabio Lolicato[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Carmen Lahr[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Daniel Beyer[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Alexia Herrmann[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Moritz Wachsmuth-Melm[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nina Reddmann[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Romy Brecht[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mehdi Hosseinzadeh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Androniki Kolovou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jana Makroczyova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sarah Peterl[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martin Schorb[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Yannick Schwab[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Britta Brügger[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Walter Nickel[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Ulrich S Schwarz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Petr Chlanda[SUP] 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37003257
- DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.005
Abstract
Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the entry of numerous viruses through undefined molecular mechanisms. IFITM3 localizes in the endosomal-lysosomal system and specifically affects virus fusion with target cell membranes. We found that IFITM3 induces local lipid sorting, resulting in an increased concentration of lipids disfavoring viral fusion at the hemifusion site. This increases the energy barrier for fusion pore formation and the hemifusion dwell time, promoting viral degradation in lysosomes. In situ cryo-electron tomography captured IFITM3-mediated arrest of influenza A virus membrane fusion. Observation of hemifusion diaphragms between viral particles and late endosomal membranes confirmed hemifusion stabilization as a molecular mechanism of IFITM3. The presence of the influenza fusion protein hemagglutinin in post-fusion conformation close to hemifusion sites further indicated that IFITM3 does not interfere with the viral fusion machinery. Collectively, these findings show that IFITM3 induces lipid sorting to stabilize hemifusion and prevent virus entry into target cells.
Keywords: IFITM3; continuum membrane modeling; in situ cryo-ET; influenza A virus; innate immunity; lipid sorting; membrane fusion; molecular dynamics simulations; subtomogram averaging; viral entry.