tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Cell Host Microbe
. 2023 Aug 21;S1931-3128(23)00326-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.001. Online ahead of print. Pathogen-driven CRISPR screens identify TREX1 as a regulator of DNA self-sensing during influenza virus infection
Cason R King[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiping Liu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Katherine A Amato[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grace A Schaack[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Clayton Mickelson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Autumn E Sanders[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tony Hu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Srishti Gupta[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan A Langlois[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Judith A Smith[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Andrew Mehle[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Host
athogen interactions dictate the outcome of infection, yet the limitations of current approaches leave large regions of this interface unexplored. Here, we develop a novel fitness-based screen that queries factors important during the middle to late stages of infection. This is achieved by engineering influenza virus to direct the screen by programming dCas9 to modulate host gene expression. Our genome-wide screen for pro-viral factors identifies the cytoplasmic DNA exonuclease TREX1. TREX1 degrades cytoplasmic DNA to prevent inappropriate innate immune activation by self-DNA. We reveal that this same process aids influenza virus replication. Infection triggers release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm, activating antiviral signaling via cGAS and STING. TREX1 metabolizes the DNA, preventing its sensing. Collectively, these data show that self-DNA is deployed to amplify innate immunity, a process tempered by TREX1. Moreover, they demonstrate the power and generality of pathogen-driven fitness-based screens to pinpoint key host regulators of infection.
Keywords: CRISPR activation; TREX1; fitness-based screen; influenza virus; mtDNA.
. 2023 Aug 21;S1931-3128(23)00326-8.
doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.001. Online ahead of print. Pathogen-driven CRISPR screens identify TREX1 as a regulator of DNA self-sensing during influenza virus infection
Cason R King[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiping Liu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Katherine A Amato[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Grace A Schaack[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Clayton Mickelson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Autumn E Sanders[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Tony Hu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Srishti Gupta[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan A Langlois[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Judith A Smith[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Andrew Mehle[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37652009
- DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.001
Host
athogen interactions dictate the outcome of infection, yet the limitations of current approaches leave large regions of this interface unexplored. Here, we develop a novel fitness-based screen that queries factors important during the middle to late stages of infection. This is achieved by engineering influenza virus to direct the screen by programming dCas9 to modulate host gene expression. Our genome-wide screen for pro-viral factors identifies the cytoplasmic DNA exonuclease TREX1. TREX1 degrades cytoplasmic DNA to prevent inappropriate innate immune activation by self-DNA. We reveal that this same process aids influenza virus replication. Infection triggers release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytoplasm, activating antiviral signaling via cGAS and STING. TREX1 metabolizes the DNA, preventing its sensing. Collectively, these data show that self-DNA is deployed to amplify innate immunity, a process tempered by TREX1. Moreover, they demonstrate the power and generality of pathogen-driven fitness-based screens to pinpoint key host regulators of infection.Keywords: CRISPR activation; TREX1; fitness-based screen; influenza virus; mtDNA.