tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Sequential Reassortments Underlie Diverse Influenza H7N9 Genotypes in China
Aiping Wu1, 10,
Chunhu Su3, 10,
Dayan Wang4, 10,
Yousong Peng5, 10,
Mi Liu1, 6,
Sha Hua1, 6,
Tianxian Li7,
George F. Gao8,
Hong Tang2, 7,
Jianzhu Chen2, 9,
Xiufan Liu3,
Yuelong Shu4,
Daxin Peng3, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author,
Taijiao Jiang1, 5, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author
1 Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
4 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
5 College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
6 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
7 State Key Laboratory of Virology and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
8 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
9 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Highlights
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Evolutionary analysis of sequences from 45 H7N9 and 42 H9N2 viruses from humans and birds
?
H7N9 viruses exhibit diverse genotypes generated by two-step sequential reassortments
?
First reassortment likely occurred in wild birds and second in domestic birds
?
Distinct donor-like H9N2 viruses were identified in generation of H7N9 viruses
Summary
Initial genetic characterizations have suggested that the influenza A (H7N9) viruses responsible for the current outbreak in China are novel reassortants. However, little is known about the pathways of their evolution and, in particular, the generation of diverse viral genotypes. Here we report an in-depth evolutionary analysis of whole-genome sequence data of 45 H7N9 and 42 H9N2 viruses isolated from humans, poultry, and wild birds during recent influenza surveillance efforts in China. Our analysis shows that the H7N9 viruses were generated by at least two steps of sequential reassortments involving distinct H9N2 donor viruses in different hosts. The first reassortment likely occurred in wild birds and the second in domestic birds in east China in early 2012. Our study identifies the pathways for the generation of diverse H7N9 genotypes in China and highlights the importance of monitoring multiple sources for effective surveillance of potential influenza outbreaks.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312813002989
Aiping Wu1, 10,
Chunhu Su3, 10,
Dayan Wang4, 10,
Yousong Peng5, 10,
Mi Liu1, 6,
Sha Hua1, 6,
Tianxian Li7,
George F. Gao8,
Hong Tang2, 7,
Jianzhu Chen2, 9,
Xiufan Liu3,
Yuelong Shu4,
Daxin Peng3, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author,
Taijiao Jiang1, 5, Corresponding author contact information, E-mail the corresponding author
1 Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2 CAS Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
4 National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China
5 College of Information Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
6 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
7 State Key Laboratory of Virology and Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
8 CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
9 Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
Highlights
?
Evolutionary analysis of sequences from 45 H7N9 and 42 H9N2 viruses from humans and birds
?
H7N9 viruses exhibit diverse genotypes generated by two-step sequential reassortments
?
First reassortment likely occurred in wild birds and second in domestic birds
?
Distinct donor-like H9N2 viruses were identified in generation of H7N9 viruses
Summary
Initial genetic characterizations have suggested that the influenza A (H7N9) viruses responsible for the current outbreak in China are novel reassortants. However, little is known about the pathways of their evolution and, in particular, the generation of diverse viral genotypes. Here we report an in-depth evolutionary analysis of whole-genome sequence data of 45 H7N9 and 42 H9N2 viruses isolated from humans, poultry, and wild birds during recent influenza surveillance efforts in China. Our analysis shows that the H7N9 viruses were generated by at least two steps of sequential reassortments involving distinct H9N2 donor viruses in different hosts. The first reassortment likely occurred in wild birds and the second in domestic birds in east China in early 2012. Our study identifies the pathways for the generation of diverse H7N9 genotypes in China and highlights the importance of monitoring multiple sources for effective surveillance of potential influenza outbreaks.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1931312813002989