tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
. 2024 Apr 15;18(1):48.
doi: 10.1186/s13034-024-00736-w. Impact of Long-COVID in children: a large cohort study
Ziv Hersh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiska Loewenberg Weisband[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ariel Bogan[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Adir Leibovich[SUP] 3 5 [/SUP], Uri Obolski[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Daniel Nevo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ran Gilad-Bachrach[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The impact of long-term Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the pediatric population is still not well understood. This study was designed to estimate the magnitude of COVID-19 long-term morbidity 3-6 months after the date of diagnosis.
Methods: A retrospective study of all Clalit Health Services members in Israel aged 1-16 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Controls, who had no previous diagnosis of COVID-19, were one-to-one matched to 65,548 COVID-19-positive children and teens, and were assigned the infection dates of their matches as their index date. Matching included age, sex, socio-economic score, and societal sector. Individuals were excluded from the study if they had severe medical conditions before the diagnosis such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and/or abnormal physiological development. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate the associations between COVID-19 and the use of medical services. The analysis focused on the 3-6 months after the infection date. Adjustments were made for demographics and for the use of medical services 6-12 and 3-6 months before the infection date. The latter was necessary because of observed disparities in medical service utilization between the groups before the COVID-19 diagnosis, despite the matching process.
Results: Statistically significant differences were only found for referrals for mental health services [adjusted relative-risk (RR) 1·51, 95%CI 1·15 - 1·96; adjusted risk-difference (RD) 0·001, 95%CI 0·0006 - 0·002], and medication prescriptions of any kind (RR 1·03, 95%CI 1·01-1·06; RD 0·01 95%CI 0·004 - 0·02).
Conclusions: The significant increase in medication prescriptions and mental health service referrals support the hypothesis that COVID-19 is associated with long-lasting morbidities in children and adolescents aged 1-16 years. However, the risk difference in both instances was small, suggesting a minor impact on medical services.
Keywords: Adulescens; COVID-19; Long-COVID; Retrospective cohort study; SARS-CoV-2.
. 2024 Apr 15;18(1):48.
doi: 10.1186/s13034-024-00736-w. Impact of Long-COVID in children: a large cohort study
Ziv Hersh[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yiska Loewenberg Weisband[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Ariel Bogan[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Adir Leibovich[SUP] 3 5 [/SUP], Uri Obolski[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Daniel Nevo[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Ran Gilad-Bachrach[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38622709
- DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00736-w
Background: The impact of long-term Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the pediatric population is still not well understood. This study was designed to estimate the magnitude of COVID-19 long-term morbidity 3-6 months after the date of diagnosis.
Methods: A retrospective study of all Clalit Health Services members in Israel aged 1-16 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021. Controls, who had no previous diagnosis of COVID-19, were one-to-one matched to 65,548 COVID-19-positive children and teens, and were assigned the infection dates of their matches as their index date. Matching included age, sex, socio-economic score, and societal sector. Individuals were excluded from the study if they had severe medical conditions before the diagnosis such as cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, and/or abnormal physiological development. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to estimate the associations between COVID-19 and the use of medical services. The analysis focused on the 3-6 months after the infection date. Adjustments were made for demographics and for the use of medical services 6-12 and 3-6 months before the infection date. The latter was necessary because of observed disparities in medical service utilization between the groups before the COVID-19 diagnosis, despite the matching process.
Results: Statistically significant differences were only found for referrals for mental health services [adjusted relative-risk (RR) 1·51, 95%CI 1·15 - 1·96; adjusted risk-difference (RD) 0·001, 95%CI 0·0006 - 0·002], and medication prescriptions of any kind (RR 1·03, 95%CI 1·01-1·06; RD 0·01 95%CI 0·004 - 0·02).
Conclusions: The significant increase in medication prescriptions and mental health service referrals support the hypothesis that COVID-19 is associated with long-lasting morbidities in children and adolescents aged 1-16 years. However, the risk difference in both instances was small, suggesting a minor impact on medical services.
Keywords: Adulescens; COVID-19; Long-COVID; Retrospective cohort study; SARS-CoV-2.