Shiloh
Editor, Senior Moderator
Source: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/03/stewardship-resistance-scan-mar-22-2018
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Mar 22, 2018
CARB-X funds antibiotic candidate; Resistance surveillance in poor nations; MDR-TB treatment outcomes
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Tuberculosis
[h=3]CARB-X funds potential antibiotic against CRE superbugs[/h] In a first for a Japanese company, CARB-X, a public-private collaboration that supports companies to combat antimicrobial resistance, has awarded Shionogi, of Osaka, $4.7 million to support the development of a novel beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity against the worrisome superbugs that produce carbapenemase, including BL/BLI-resistant carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), CARB-X said in a news release today.
Under the award, Shionogi can receive an additional $2.4 million if it meets certain project milestones, according to CARB-X (the Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator).
"We are very excited to welcome the first Japanese company into the Powered by CARB-X portfolio, strengthening the global fight against drug-resistant bacteria," said Kevin Outterson, JD, executive director of CARB-X. "The world urgently needs innovative approaches, like the Shionogi project, to protect us from drug-resistant bacteria."
CRE bacteria represent a significant and increasing public health threat globally, are difficult to treat because of their high levels of antibiotic resistance, and are associated with high death rates.
Since the beginning of 2017, CARB-X has announced awards projects totaling $73.9 million, plus an additional $89.0 million if project milestones are met, to accelerate the development of antibiotics, diagnostics, and other products. The new award increases CARB-X's reach to seven countries.
Mar 22 CARB-X news release
[h=3]Study: Gene sequencing possible to find resistance in low-income nations[/h] Genetic sequencing can be a valuable tool for the surveillance of antibiotic resistance in low-income countries, according to a study today led by World Health Organization experts published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
The investigators conducted population-level surveys in hospitals and clinics in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, and Ukraine to evaluate the use of genetic sequencing to estimate resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to several common antibiotics. They analyzed isolates from 7,094 tuberculosis (TB) patients.
Overall pooled sensitivity values for predicting resistance by genetic sequencing were 91% for the rpoB gene (rifampicin resistance), 86% for katG, inhA, and fabG promoter combined (isoniazid resistance), 54% for pncA (pyrazinamide resistance), 85% for gyrA and gyrB combined (ofloxacin resistance), and 88% for gyrA and gyrB combined (moxifloxacin resistance).
A commentary in the same issue points out, "Studies on the real-time use of genomics in clinical settings have found whole genome sequencing-based DST [drug susceptibility testing] to be accurate, faster, and cheaper than phenotypic DST."
The commentator, Grant Hill-Cawthorne, MB BChir, PhD, from the University of Sydney, adds, "By showing that population-based surveillance in low-income settings is a reality, Zignol and colleagues have advanced our understanding of how genetic DST can be implemented in real-life scenarios." He also notes that the researchers in the new study still relied on a culture step, which is a common bottleneck in many healthcare systems, but in the coming years new technologies may help circumvent that step.
Mar 22 Lancet Infect Dis study
Mar 22 Lancet Infect Dis commentary
[h=3]Alcohol misuse, HIV tied to worse outcomes with multidrug-resistant TB[/h] Alcohol misuse and an HIV diagnosis were both tied to unsuccessful treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB, according to a meta-analysis published yesterday in Scientific Reports.
The researchers included 48 studies that involved a cumulative 18,257 participants in their review. They found that the pooled relative risk (RR) of treatment failure unsuccessful outcome was higher in people living with HIV (RR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.73) and in people with alcohol misuse (RR, 1.45;95% CI, 1.21-1.74). Outcomes were similar in people who had diabetes or in those who smoked.
The authors conclude, "Further research is required to understand the role of comorbidities in driving unsuccessful treatment outcomes."
Mar 21 Sci Rep study
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Mar 22, 2018
CARB-X funds antibiotic candidate; Resistance surveillance in poor nations; MDR-TB treatment outcomes
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; Tuberculosis
[h=3]CARB-X funds potential antibiotic against CRE superbugs[/h] In a first for a Japanese company, CARB-X, a public-private collaboration that supports companies to combat antimicrobial resistance, has awarded Shionogi, of Osaka, $4.7 million to support the development of a novel beta-lactam antibiotic with potent activity against the worrisome superbugs that produce carbapenemase, including BL/BLI-resistant carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), CARB-X said in a news release today.
Under the award, Shionogi can receive an additional $2.4 million if it meets certain project milestones, according to CARB-X (the Combating Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator).
"We are very excited to welcome the first Japanese company into the Powered by CARB-X portfolio, strengthening the global fight against drug-resistant bacteria," said Kevin Outterson, JD, executive director of CARB-X. "The world urgently needs innovative approaches, like the Shionogi project, to protect us from drug-resistant bacteria."
CRE bacteria represent a significant and increasing public health threat globally, are difficult to treat because of their high levels of antibiotic resistance, and are associated with high death rates.
Since the beginning of 2017, CARB-X has announced awards projects totaling $73.9 million, plus an additional $89.0 million if project milestones are met, to accelerate the development of antibiotics, diagnostics, and other products. The new award increases CARB-X's reach to seven countries.
Mar 22 CARB-X news release
[h=3]Study: Gene sequencing possible to find resistance in low-income nations[/h] Genetic sequencing can be a valuable tool for the surveillance of antibiotic resistance in low-income countries, according to a study today led by World Health Organization experts published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases.
The investigators conducted population-level surveys in hospitals and clinics in Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Belarus, Pakistan, Philippines, South Africa, and Ukraine to evaluate the use of genetic sequencing to estimate resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to several common antibiotics. They analyzed isolates from 7,094 tuberculosis (TB) patients.
Overall pooled sensitivity values for predicting resistance by genetic sequencing were 91% for the rpoB gene (rifampicin resistance), 86% for katG, inhA, and fabG promoter combined (isoniazid resistance), 54% for pncA (pyrazinamide resistance), 85% for gyrA and gyrB combined (ofloxacin resistance), and 88% for gyrA and gyrB combined (moxifloxacin resistance).
A commentary in the same issue points out, "Studies on the real-time use of genomics in clinical settings have found whole genome sequencing-based DST [drug susceptibility testing] to be accurate, faster, and cheaper than phenotypic DST."
The commentator, Grant Hill-Cawthorne, MB BChir, PhD, from the University of Sydney, adds, "By showing that population-based surveillance in low-income settings is a reality, Zignol and colleagues have advanced our understanding of how genetic DST can be implemented in real-life scenarios." He also notes that the researchers in the new study still relied on a culture step, which is a common bottleneck in many healthcare systems, but in the coming years new technologies may help circumvent that step.
Mar 22 Lancet Infect Dis study
Mar 22 Lancet Infect Dis commentary
[h=3]Alcohol misuse, HIV tied to worse outcomes with multidrug-resistant TB[/h] Alcohol misuse and an HIV diagnosis were both tied to unsuccessful treatment outcomes for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB, according to a meta-analysis published yesterday in Scientific Reports.
The researchers included 48 studies that involved a cumulative 18,257 participants in their review. They found that the pooled relative risk (RR) of treatment failure unsuccessful outcome was higher in people living with HIV (RR, 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-1.73) and in people with alcohol misuse (RR, 1.45;95% CI, 1.21-1.74). Outcomes were similar in people who had diabetes or in those who smoked.
The authors conclude, "Further research is required to understand the role of comorbidities in driving unsuccessful treatment outcomes."
Mar 21 Sci Rep study