Shiloh
Editor, Senior Moderator
Source: http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2017/07/stewardship-resistance-scan-jul-07-2017
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Jul 07, 2017
Costs of MRSA in Norway; C diff in sandboxes
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; MRSA; Clostridium difficile
[h=3]Study finds MRSA associated with higher costs, longer hospital stays[/h] A study yesterday in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control found that patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Norway have longer hospital stays and incur higher costs than those without MRSA.
For the study, researchers examined data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases to identify all MRSA patients admitted to hospitals in 2012, then used a matched case-control method to compare those patients with non-MRSA patients in terms of length of stay (LOS), readmission within 30 days of discharge, and diagnosis-related group (DRG)?based costs. Cases were randomly matched, with one MRSA patients for every four control patients.
In total, 95 MRSA-positive patients were matched with 346 non-MRSA patients. The mean LOS for MRSA patients was 14 days, compared with 8 days for non-MRSA patients. A higher proportion of MRSA patients than controls were readmitted within 30 days (14% vs 10%), but the difference was not considered statistically significant. DRG-based hospital costs were 0.37 times higher for MRSA patients than for controls, with mean costs of 13,322 euros ($15,187) and 7,198 euros ($8,206), respectively.
The authors say the findings improve knowledge with regard to resistant bacteria, and may help Norwegian policy makers to make informed decisions about resource allocation, infection prevention programs, and guideline development.
Jul 6 Antimicrob Resist Infect Control study
[h=3]C difficile found in kids' and dogs' sandboxes in Spain[/h] An investigation by Spanish researchers has revealed that epidemic ribotypes of Clostridium difficile are widely distributed in children's and dogs' sandboxes in Madrid, according to a study today in Zoonoses and Public Health.
The researchers carried out sampling in 40 sandboxes in public playgrounds in Madrid (20 for children and 20 for dogs) over a 2-day period in July 2015. C difficile was isolated from 21 (52.5%) of the sand samples analyzed, with 12 of the samples coming from dogs' sandboxes and 9 coming from children's. Molecular testing showed that 8 of the 20 available C difficile isolates (one was lost during subculturing) were toxigenic and belonged to ribotypes 014 and 106, both of which are regarded as epidemic, and CD047. The rest belonged to nontoxigenic ribotypes 009, 039, 067, 151, and CD048. Further testing showed that isolates were genetically diverse and displayed resistance to several antibiotics, including high-level resistance to imipenem and levofloxacin.
Ribotype 014 is one of the most prevalent C difficile genotypes isolated from humans and animals in Europe. Other ribotypes identified in the study are also frequently isolated from human and animal fecal samples.
The authors say the presence of toxigenic C difficile in recreational sandboxes constitutes a major health risk. "Due to the zoonotic potential attributed to some ribotypes of C. difficile, the possible presence of this emerging pathogen should be considered in any environmental risk assessment," they write.
Jul 7 Zoonoses Public Health study
Stewardship / Resistance Scan for Jul 07, 2017
Costs of MRSA in Norway; C diff in sandboxes
Filed Under:
Antimicrobial Stewardship; MRSA; Clostridium difficile
[h=3]Study finds MRSA associated with higher costs, longer hospital stays[/h] A study yesterday in Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control found that patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Norway have longer hospital stays and incur higher costs than those without MRSA.
For the study, researchers examined data from the Norwegian Patient Registry and Norwegian Surveillance System for Communicable Diseases to identify all MRSA patients admitted to hospitals in 2012, then used a matched case-control method to compare those patients with non-MRSA patients in terms of length of stay (LOS), readmission within 30 days of discharge, and diagnosis-related group (DRG)?based costs. Cases were randomly matched, with one MRSA patients for every four control patients.
In total, 95 MRSA-positive patients were matched with 346 non-MRSA patients. The mean LOS for MRSA patients was 14 days, compared with 8 days for non-MRSA patients. A higher proportion of MRSA patients than controls were readmitted within 30 days (14% vs 10%), but the difference was not considered statistically significant. DRG-based hospital costs were 0.37 times higher for MRSA patients than for controls, with mean costs of 13,322 euros ($15,187) and 7,198 euros ($8,206), respectively.
The authors say the findings improve knowledge with regard to resistant bacteria, and may help Norwegian policy makers to make informed decisions about resource allocation, infection prevention programs, and guideline development.
Jul 6 Antimicrob Resist Infect Control study
[h=3]C difficile found in kids' and dogs' sandboxes in Spain[/h] An investigation by Spanish researchers has revealed that epidemic ribotypes of Clostridium difficile are widely distributed in children's and dogs' sandboxes in Madrid, according to a study today in Zoonoses and Public Health.
The researchers carried out sampling in 40 sandboxes in public playgrounds in Madrid (20 for children and 20 for dogs) over a 2-day period in July 2015. C difficile was isolated from 21 (52.5%) of the sand samples analyzed, with 12 of the samples coming from dogs' sandboxes and 9 coming from children's. Molecular testing showed that 8 of the 20 available C difficile isolates (one was lost during subculturing) were toxigenic and belonged to ribotypes 014 and 106, both of which are regarded as epidemic, and CD047. The rest belonged to nontoxigenic ribotypes 009, 039, 067, 151, and CD048. Further testing showed that isolates were genetically diverse and displayed resistance to several antibiotics, including high-level resistance to imipenem and levofloxacin.
Ribotype 014 is one of the most prevalent C difficile genotypes isolated from humans and animals in Europe. Other ribotypes identified in the study are also frequently isolated from human and animal fecal samples.
The authors say the presence of toxigenic C difficile in recreational sandboxes constitutes a major health risk. "Due to the zoonotic potential attributed to some ribotypes of C. difficile, the possible presence of this emerging pathogen should be considered in any environmental risk assessment," they write.
Jul 7 Zoonoses Public Health study