tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
. 2021 Feb 9.
doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13483. Online ahead of print.
Role of the SphK-S1P-S1PRs pathway in invasion of the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Yuehai Pan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fei Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuai Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jiming Han[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Fan Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing. Before an effective vaccine is available, the development of potential treatments for resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial. One of disease hallmarks is hyper-inflammatory responses, which usually leads to a severe lung disease. Patients with COVID-19 also frequently suffered from neurological symptoms such as acute diffuse encephalomyelitis, brain injury and psychiatric complications. The metabolic pathway of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a dynamic regulator of various cell types and disease processes, including the nervous system. It has been demonstrated that S1P and its metabolic enzymes, regulating neuroinflammation and neurogenesis, exhibit important functions during viral infection. S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) analogs including AAL-R and RP-002 inhibit pathophysiological responses at the early stage of H1N1 virus infection and then play a protective role. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an S1P receptor modulator and is being tested for treating COVID-19. Our review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and critical role of the SphK-S1P-SIPR pathway in invasion of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). This may help design therapeutic strategies based on the S1P-mediated signal transduction, and the adjuvant therapeutic effects of S1P analogs to limit or prevent the interaction between the host and SARS-CoV-2, block the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, and consequently treat related complications in the CNS.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; immuno-modulators; sphingosine 1-phosphate.
. 2021 Feb 9.
doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13483. Online ahead of print.
Role of the SphK-S1P-S1PRs pathway in invasion of the nervous system by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Yuehai Pan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fei Gao[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shuai Zhao[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jiming Han[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Fan Chen[SUP] 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33565127
- DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13483
Abstract
Global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing. Before an effective vaccine is available, the development of potential treatments for resultant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial. One of disease hallmarks is hyper-inflammatory responses, which usually leads to a severe lung disease. Patients with COVID-19 also frequently suffered from neurological symptoms such as acute diffuse encephalomyelitis, brain injury and psychiatric complications. The metabolic pathway of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a dynamic regulator of various cell types and disease processes, including the nervous system. It has been demonstrated that S1P and its metabolic enzymes, regulating neuroinflammation and neurogenesis, exhibit important functions during viral infection. S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) analogs including AAL-R and RP-002 inhibit pathophysiological responses at the early stage of H1N1 virus infection and then play a protective role. Fingolimod (FTY720) is an S1P receptor modulator and is being tested for treating COVID-19. Our review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection and critical role of the SphK-S1P-SIPR pathway in invasion of SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly in the central nervous system (CNS). This may help design therapeutic strategies based on the S1P-mediated signal transduction, and the adjuvant therapeutic effects of S1P analogs to limit or prevent the interaction between the host and SARS-CoV-2, block the spread of the SARS-CoV-2, and consequently treat related complications in the CNS.
Keywords: ACE2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine storm; immuno-modulators; sphingosine 1-phosphate.