tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Clinics (Sao Paulo)
. 2020;75:e2209.
doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2209. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Severe clinical spectrum with high mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Maria Fernanda Badue Pereira[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nadia Litvinov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adriana Pasmanik Eisencraft[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Werther Brunow de Carvalho[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vinicius Rodrigues Fernandes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Thais de Toledo Fink[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juliana Val?ria de Souza Framil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karine Vusberg Galleti[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alice Lima Fante[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Fernanda Mota Fonseca[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Andreia Watanabe[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Camila Sanson Yoshino de Paula[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giovanna Gavros Palandri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gabriela Nunes Leal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria de Fatima Rodrigues Diniz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jo?o Renato Rebello Pinho[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Clovis Artur Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pediatric COVID HC-FMUSP Study Group; Alfio Rossi Junior, Artur Figueiredo Delgado, Anarella Penha Meirelles de Andrade, Claudio Schvartsman, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Mussya Cisotto Rocha, Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre, Thelma Suely Okay, Magda Maria Sales Carneiro-Sampaio, Patricia Palmeira Daenekas Jorge
Affiliations
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 471 samples collected from 371 patients (age<18 years) suspected of having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The study group comprised 66/371 (18%) laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients: 61 (92.5%) patients tested positive on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2, and 5 (7.5%) patients tested positive on serological tests. MIS-C was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Center for Disease Control.
Results: MIS-C was diagnosed in 6/66 (9%) patients. The frequencies of diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain (67% vs. 22%, p=0.034); pediatric SARS (67% vs. 13%, p=0.008); hypoxemia (83% vs. 23%, p=0.006); and arterial hypotension (50% vs. 3%, p=0.004) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C than in those without MIS-C. The frequencies of C-reactive protein levels >50 mg/L (83% vs. 25%, p=0.008) and D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL (100% vs. 40%, p=0.007) and the median D-dimer, troponin T, and ferritin levels (p<0.05) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. The frequencies of pediatric intensive care unit admission (100% vs. 60%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (83% vs. 7%, p<0.001), vasoactive agent use (83% vs. 3%, p<0.001), shock (83% vs. 5%, p<0.001), cardiac abnormalities (100% vs. 2%, p<0.001), and death (67% vs. 3%, p<0.001) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Similarly, the frequencies of oxygen therapy (100% vs. 33%, p=0.003), intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (67% vs. 2%, p<0.001), aspirin therapy (50% vs. 0%, p<0.001), and current acute renal replacement therapy (50% vs. 2%, p=0.002) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of MIS-C was significantly associated with gastrointestinal manifestations [odds ratio (OR)=10.98; 95%CI (95% confidence interval)=1.20-100.86; p=0.034] and hypoxemia [OR=16.85; 95%CI=1.34-211.80; p=0.029]. Further univariate analysis showed a positive association between MIS-C and death [OR=58.00; 95%CI=6.39-526.79; p<0.0001].
Conclusions: Pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with MIS-C had a severe clinical spectrum with a high mortality rate. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating MIS-C in pediatric patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal involvement and hypoxemia.
. 2020;75:e2209.
doi: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2209. Epub 2020 Aug 19.
Severe clinical spectrum with high mortality in pediatric patients with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome
Maria Fernanda Badue Pereira[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Nadia Litvinov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sylvia Costa Lima Farhat[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Adriana Pasmanik Eisencraft[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni Gibelli[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Werther Brunow de Carvalho[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vinicius Rodrigues Fernandes[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Thais de Toledo Fink[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Juliana Val?ria de Souza Framil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Karine Vusberg Galleti[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Alice Lima Fante[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Maria Fernanda Mota Fonseca[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Andreia Watanabe[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Camila Sanson Yoshino de Paula[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Giovanna Gavros Palandri[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Gabriela Nunes Leal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria de Fatima Rodrigues Diniz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jo?o Renato Rebello Pinho[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Clovis Artur Silva[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Heloisa Helena de Sousa Marques[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pediatric COVID HC-FMUSP Study Group; Alfio Rossi Junior, Artur Figueiredo Delgado, Anarella Penha Meirelles de Andrade, Claudio Schvartsman, Ester Cerdeira Sabino, Mussya Cisotto Rocha, Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre, Thelma Suely Okay, Magda Maria Sales Carneiro-Sampaio, Patricia Palmeira Daenekas Jorge
Affiliations
- PMID: 32844958
- DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2020/e2209
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the outcomes of pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with or without multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 471 samples collected from 371 patients (age<18 years) suspected of having severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The study group comprised 66/371 (18%) laboratory-confirmed pediatric COVID-19 patients: 61 (92.5%) patients tested positive on real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction tests for SARS-CoV-2, and 5 (7.5%) patients tested positive on serological tests. MIS-C was diagnosed according to the criteria of the Center for Disease Control.
Results: MIS-C was diagnosed in 6/66 (9%) patients. The frequencies of diarrhea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain (67% vs. 22%, p=0.034); pediatric SARS (67% vs. 13%, p=0.008); hypoxemia (83% vs. 23%, p=0.006); and arterial hypotension (50% vs. 3%, p=0.004) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C than in those without MIS-C. The frequencies of C-reactive protein levels >50 mg/L (83% vs. 25%, p=0.008) and D-dimer levels >1000 ng/mL (100% vs. 40%, p=0.007) and the median D-dimer, troponin T, and ferritin levels (p<0.05) were significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. The frequencies of pediatric intensive care unit admission (100% vs. 60%, p=0.003), mechanical ventilation (83% vs. 7%, p<0.001), vasoactive agent use (83% vs. 3%, p<0.001), shock (83% vs. 5%, p<0.001), cardiac abnormalities (100% vs. 2%, p<0.001), and death (67% vs. 3%, p<0.001) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Similarly, the frequencies of oxygen therapy (100% vs. 33%, p=0.003), intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (67% vs. 2%, p<0.001), aspirin therapy (50% vs. 0%, p<0.001), and current acute renal replacement therapy (50% vs. 2%, p=0.002) were also significantly higher in patients with MIS-C. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of MIS-C was significantly associated with gastrointestinal manifestations [odds ratio (OR)=10.98; 95%CI (95% confidence interval)=1.20-100.86; p=0.034] and hypoxemia [OR=16.85; 95%CI=1.34-211.80; p=0.029]. Further univariate analysis showed a positive association between MIS-C and death [OR=58.00; 95%CI=6.39-526.79; p<0.0001].
Conclusions: Pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 with MIS-C had a severe clinical spectrum with a high mortality rate. Our study emphasizes the importance of investigating MIS-C in pediatric patients with COVID-19 presenting with gastrointestinal involvement and hypoxemia.