Mary Wilson
Well-known member
09 February 2024
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1289413
Vivian Valcarce[SUP]1,2[/SUP][SUP]†[/SUP] Lauren Stewart Stafford[SUP]3[/SUP][SUP]†[/SUP] Josef Neu[SUP]1[/SUP] Leslie Parker[SUP]4[/SUP] Valeria Vicuna[SUP]3[/SUP] Tyler Cross[SUP]3[/SUP] Olivia D'Agati[SUP]3[/SUP] Sisse Diakite[SUP]3[/SUP] Addison Haley[SUP]3[/SUP]Jake Feigenbaum[SUP]3[/SUP] Mahmoud Y. Al Mahmoud[SUP]3[/SUP] Anjali Visvalingam[SUP]3[/SUP] Nicole Cacho[SUP]1,5[/SUP] Ivan Kosik[SUP]6[/SUP] Jonathan W. Yewdell[SUP]6[/SUP] Joseph Larkin III[SUP]3*[/SUP]
Background: Facilitated by the inability to vaccinate, and an immature immune system, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death among children. Vaccinated lactating mothers produce specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their milk, capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. Our objective for this study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 booster dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration and viral neutralization in milk, plasma, and infant stool.
Methods: Thirty-nine mothers and 25 infants were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2022. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool were collected at various time-points up to 12 months following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup of 14 mothers received a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed.
Results: Booster vaccination led to significantly higher IgG levels within human milk and breastfed infants' stool. In vitro neutralization of VSV-gfp-SARS-CoV-2-S-gp, a laboratory safe SARS-CoV-2 like pseudovirus, improved following the booster, with a 90% increase in plasma neutralization and a 60% increase in milk neutralization. We found that post-booster neutralization by human milk was highly correlated to SARS-CoV-2 IgG level. In support of our correlation result, Protein G column depletion of IgG in milk yielded a significant reduction in viral neutralization (p = 0.04).
Discussion: The substantial increase in neutralizing IgG levels in milk and breastfed infants' stool post-booster, coupled with the decrease in milk neutralization capabilities upon IgG depletion, underscores the efficacy of booster doses in augmenting the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1289413/full
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1289413
Vivian Valcarce[SUP]1,2[/SUP][SUP]†[/SUP] Lauren Stewart Stafford[SUP]3[/SUP][SUP]†[/SUP] Josef Neu[SUP]1[/SUP] Leslie Parker[SUP]4[/SUP] Valeria Vicuna[SUP]3[/SUP] Tyler Cross[SUP]3[/SUP] Olivia D'Agati[SUP]3[/SUP] Sisse Diakite[SUP]3[/SUP] Addison Haley[SUP]3[/SUP]Jake Feigenbaum[SUP]3[/SUP] Mahmoud Y. Al Mahmoud[SUP]3[/SUP] Anjali Visvalingam[SUP]3[/SUP] Nicole Cacho[SUP]1,5[/SUP] Ivan Kosik[SUP]6[/SUP] Jonathan W. Yewdell[SUP]6[/SUP] Joseph Larkin III[SUP]3*[/SUP]
Background: Facilitated by the inability to vaccinate, and an immature immune system, COVID-19 remains a leading cause of death among children. Vaccinated lactating mothers produce specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their milk, capable of neutralizing the virus in vitro. Our objective for this study is to assess the effect of COVID-19 booster dose on SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentration and viral neutralization in milk, plasma, and infant stool.
Methods: Thirty-nine mothers and 25 infants were enrolled from December 2020 to May 2022. Milk, maternal plasma, and infants' stool were collected at various time-points up to 12 months following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A subgroup of 14 mothers received a booster dose. SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and their neutralization capacities were assessed.
Results: Booster vaccination led to significantly higher IgG levels within human milk and breastfed infants' stool. In vitro neutralization of VSV-gfp-SARS-CoV-2-S-gp, a laboratory safe SARS-CoV-2 like pseudovirus, improved following the booster, with a 90% increase in plasma neutralization and a 60% increase in milk neutralization. We found that post-booster neutralization by human milk was highly correlated to SARS-CoV-2 IgG level. In support of our correlation result, Protein G column depletion of IgG in milk yielded a significant reduction in viral neutralization (p = 0.04).
Discussion: The substantial increase in neutralizing IgG levels in milk and breastfed infants' stool post-booster, coupled with the decrease in milk neutralization capabilities upon IgG depletion, underscores the efficacy of booster doses in augmenting the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in human milk.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2024.1289413/full