tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Virol. 2014 Jul 9. pii: JVI.01501-14. [Epub ahead of print]
Differential Responses of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Influenza and Distinct Viral Pathogens.
Thomas JM1, Pos Z2, Reinboth J1, Wang RY1, Wang E1, Frank GM3, Lusso P4, Trinchieri G5, Alter HJ1, Marincola FM6, Thomas E7.
Author information
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key components of the innate immune response capable of synthesizing and rapidly releasing vast amounts of type I interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-α. Here we investigated whether pDCs, often regarded as a mere source of IFN, discriminate between various functionally discrete stimuli, and to what extent this reflects differences in pDC responses other than IFN-α release. To examine the ability of pDCs to differentially respond to various doses of intact and infectious HIV, HCV, and H1N1 viruses, whole genome gene expression analysis, ELISA, and flow cytometry were applied to interrogate pDC responses at the transcriptional, protein, and cellular level. Our data demonstrates that pDCs differentially respond to various viral stimuli with significant changes in gene expression including those involved in pDC activation, migration, viral endocytosis, survival or apoptosis. In some cases, the expression of these genes were induced even at levels comparable to that of IFN-α. Interestingly, we also found that depending on the viral entity and viral titer used for stimulation, induction of IFN-α gene expression and the actual release of IFN-α are not necessarily temporally coordinated. In addition, our data suggests that high titer Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection can stimulate rapid pDC apoptosis.
IMPORTANCE SECTION:
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells are key players of the viral immune response. With the host response to viral infection being dependent on specific virus characteristics, a thorough examination and comparison of dendritic cell response to various viruses at various titers is beneficial for the field of virology. Our study illustrates that pDC infection with Influenza, HIV, and HCV, results in a unique and differential response to each virus. These results have implications for future virology research, vaccine development, and the study and virology as a whole.
Copyright ? 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID:
25008918
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008918
Differential Responses of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Influenza and Distinct Viral Pathogens.
Thomas JM1, Pos Z2, Reinboth J1, Wang RY1, Wang E1, Frank GM3, Lusso P4, Trinchieri G5, Alter HJ1, Marincola FM6, Thomas E7.
Author information
Abstract
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are key components of the innate immune response capable of synthesizing and rapidly releasing vast amounts of type I interferons (IFNs), particularly IFN-α. Here we investigated whether pDCs, often regarded as a mere source of IFN, discriminate between various functionally discrete stimuli, and to what extent this reflects differences in pDC responses other than IFN-α release. To examine the ability of pDCs to differentially respond to various doses of intact and infectious HIV, HCV, and H1N1 viruses, whole genome gene expression analysis, ELISA, and flow cytometry were applied to interrogate pDC responses at the transcriptional, protein, and cellular level. Our data demonstrates that pDCs differentially respond to various viral stimuli with significant changes in gene expression including those involved in pDC activation, migration, viral endocytosis, survival or apoptosis. In some cases, the expression of these genes were induced even at levels comparable to that of IFN-α. Interestingly, we also found that depending on the viral entity and viral titer used for stimulation, induction of IFN-α gene expression and the actual release of IFN-α are not necessarily temporally coordinated. In addition, our data suggests that high titer Influenza A (H1N1) virus infection can stimulate rapid pDC apoptosis.
IMPORTANCE SECTION:
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells are key players of the viral immune response. With the host response to viral infection being dependent on specific virus characteristics, a thorough examination and comparison of dendritic cell response to various viruses at various titers is beneficial for the field of virology. Our study illustrates that pDC infection with Influenza, HIV, and HCV, results in a unique and differential response to each virus. These results have implications for future virology research, vaccine development, and the study and virology as a whole.
Copyright ? 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
PMID:
25008918
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25008918