tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Echocardiography
. 2021 Sep 23.
doi: 10.1111/echo.15199. Online ahead of print.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in COVID-19 recovered patients
Sudhanshu Mahajan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shekhar Kunal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bhushan Shah[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shobhit Garg[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Girish M Palleda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ankit Bansal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vishal Batra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jamal Yusuf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Saibal Mukhopadhyay[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suresh Kumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sanjay Tyagi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anubha Gupta[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohit D Gupta[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Objectives: Myocardial injury during active coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection is well described; however, its persistence during recovery is unclear. We assessed left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in COVID-19 recovered patients and its correlation with various parameters.
Methods: A total of 134 subjects within 30-45 days post recovery from COVID-19 infection and normal LV ejection fraction were enrolled. Routine blood investigations, inflammatory markers (on admission) and comprehensive echocardiography including STE were done for all.
Results: Of the 134 subjects, 121 (90.3%) were symptomatic during COVID-19 illness and were categorized as mild: 61 (45.5%), moderate: 50 (37.3%) and severe: 10 (7.5%) COVID-19 illness. Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was reported in 13 (9.7%) patients. Subclinical LV and right ventricle (RV) dysfunction were seen in 40 (29.9%) and 14 (10.5%) patients, respectively. Impaired LVGLS was reported in 1 (7.7%), 8 (13.1%), 22 (44%) and 9 (90%) subjects with asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively. LVGLS was significantly lower in patients recovered from severe illness(mild: -21 ± 3.4%; moderate: -18.1 ± 6.9%; severe: -15.5 ± 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Subjects with reduced LVGLS had significantly higher interleukin-6 (p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p = 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.009), serum ferritin (p = 0.03), and troponin (p = 0.01) levels during index admission.
Conclusions: Subclinical LV dysfunction was seen in nearly a third of recovered COVID-19 patients while 10.5% had RV dysfunction. Our study suggests a need for closer follow-up among COVID-19 recovered subjects to elucidate long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19; global longitudinal strain; speckle tracking echocardiography; subclinical left ventricle dysfunction.
. 2021 Sep 23.
doi: 10.1111/echo.15199. Online ahead of print.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in COVID-19 recovered patients
Sudhanshu Mahajan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shekhar Kunal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bhushan Shah[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shobhit Garg[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Girish M Palleda[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ankit Bansal[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Vishal Batra[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jamal Yusuf[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Saibal Mukhopadhyay[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suresh Kumar[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Sanjay Tyagi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Anubha Gupta[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Mohit D Gupta[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34555203
- DOI: 10.1111/echo.15199
Abstract
Objectives: Myocardial injury during active coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection is well described; however, its persistence during recovery is unclear. We assessed left ventricle (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in COVID-19 recovered patients and its correlation with various parameters.
Methods: A total of 134 subjects within 30-45 days post recovery from COVID-19 infection and normal LV ejection fraction were enrolled. Routine blood investigations, inflammatory markers (on admission) and comprehensive echocardiography including STE were done for all.
Results: Of the 134 subjects, 121 (90.3%) were symptomatic during COVID-19 illness and were categorized as mild: 61 (45.5%), moderate: 50 (37.3%) and severe: 10 (7.5%) COVID-19 illness. Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection was reported in 13 (9.7%) patients. Subclinical LV and right ventricle (RV) dysfunction were seen in 40 (29.9%) and 14 (10.5%) patients, respectively. Impaired LVGLS was reported in 1 (7.7%), 8 (13.1%), 22 (44%) and 9 (90%) subjects with asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe disease, respectively. LVGLS was significantly lower in patients recovered from severe illness(mild: -21 ± 3.4%; moderate: -18.1 ± 6.9%; severe: -15.5 ± 3.1%; p < 0.0001). Subjects with reduced LVGLS had significantly higher interleukin-6 (p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (p = 0.001), lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.009), serum ferritin (p = 0.03), and troponin (p = 0.01) levels during index admission.
Conclusions: Subclinical LV dysfunction was seen in nearly a third of recovered COVID-19 patients while 10.5% had RV dysfunction. Our study suggests a need for closer follow-up among COVID-19 recovered subjects to elucidate long-term cardiovascular outcomes.
Keywords: COVID-19; global longitudinal strain; speckle tracking echocardiography; subclinical left ventricle dysfunction.