tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
EClinicalMedicine
. 2021 Jun 27;100975.
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100975. Online ahead of print.
Centenarians and extremely old people living with frailty can elicit durable SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG antibodies with virus neutralization functions following virus infection as determined by serological study
Mary K Foley[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Samuel D Searle[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ali Toloue[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan Booth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alec Falkenham[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Darryl Falzarano[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Salvatore Rubino[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Magen E Francis[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Mara McNeil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christopher Richardson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jason LeBlanc[SUP] 1 8 9 10 [/SUP], Sharon Oldford[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Volker Gerdts[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Melissa K Andrew[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shelly A McNeil[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Barry Clarke[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Kenneth Rockwood[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David J Kelvin[SUP] 1 9 12 [/SUP], Alyson A Kelvin[SUP] 1 5 9 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) has led to more than 165 million COVID-19 cases and >3.4 million deaths worldwide. Epidemiological analysis has revealed that the risk of developing severe COVID-19 increases with age. Despite a disproportionate number of older individuals and long-term care facilities being affected by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, very little is understood about the immune responses and development of humoral immunity in the extremely old person after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we conducted a serological study to investigate the development of humoral immunity in centenarians following a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility.
Methods: Extreme aged individuals and centenarians who were residents in a long-term care facility and infected with or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were investigated between April and June 2020 for the development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected from positive and bystander individuals 30 and 60 days after original diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma was used to quantify IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes and subsequent subclasses of antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The function of anti-spike was then assessed by virus neutralization assays against the native SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Findings: Fifteen long-term care residents were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All individuals had a Clinical Frailty scale score ≥5 and were of extreme older age or were centenarians. Six women with a median age of 98.8 years tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Anti-spike IgG antibody titers were the highest titers observed in our cohort with all IgG positive individuals having virus neutralization ability. Additionally, 5 out of the 6 positive participants had a robust IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. In all 5, antibodies were detected after 60 days from initial diagnosis.
. 2021 Jun 27;100975.
doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100975. Online ahead of print.
Centenarians and extremely old people living with frailty can elicit durable SARS-CoV-2 spike specific IgG antibodies with virus neutralization functions following virus infection as determined by serological study
Mary K Foley[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Samuel D Searle[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ali Toloue[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ryan Booth[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Alec Falkenham[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Darryl Falzarano[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Salvatore Rubino[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Magen E Francis[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP], Mara McNeil[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christopher Richardson[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jason LeBlanc[SUP] 1 8 9 10 [/SUP], Sharon Oldford[SUP] 9 10 [/SUP], Volker Gerdts[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Melissa K Andrew[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shelly A McNeil[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Barry Clarke[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Kenneth Rockwood[SUP] 2 [/SUP], David J Kelvin[SUP] 1 9 12 [/SUP], Alyson A Kelvin[SUP] 1 5 9 13 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34222846
- PMCID: PMC8235995
- DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100975
Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) has led to more than 165 million COVID-19 cases and >3.4 million deaths worldwide. Epidemiological analysis has revealed that the risk of developing severe COVID-19 increases with age. Despite a disproportionate number of older individuals and long-term care facilities being affected by SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19, very little is understood about the immune responses and development of humoral immunity in the extremely old person after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we conducted a serological study to investigate the development of humoral immunity in centenarians following a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a long-term care facility.
Methods: Extreme aged individuals and centenarians who were residents in a long-term care facility and infected with or exposed to SARS-CoV-2 were investigated between April and June 2020 for the development of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Blood samples were collected from positive and bystander individuals 30 and 60 days after original diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Plasma was used to quantify IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes and subsequent subclasses of antibodies specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The function of anti-spike was then assessed by virus neutralization assays against the native SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Findings: Fifteen long-term care residents were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 infection. All individuals had a Clinical Frailty scale score ≥5 and were of extreme older age or were centenarians. Six women with a median age of 98.8 years tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Anti-spike IgG antibody titers were the highest titers observed in our cohort with all IgG positive individuals having virus neutralization ability. Additionally, 5 out of the 6 positive participants had a robust IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 response. In all 5, antibodies were detected after 60 days from initial diagnosis.