tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Electrophoresis
. 2022 May 9.
doi: 10.1002/elps.202100396. Online ahead of print.
Evaluation of a potential prognostic parameter for the inflammatory status in COVID-19 patients: The Inflammatory Protein Ratio
Francescopaolo Antonucci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Domenico Di Carlo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michele Falcone[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
C-Reactive-Protein (CRP), Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer are determined in the human plasma of 2745 hospitalized patients with and without COronaVIrus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) by automated-latex enhanced immunoassay and immuno-turbidimetric assay. SARS-COV-2 RNA qualitative test, Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) based, is performed in nasopharyngeal swabs to confirm those with SARS-COV-2 positivity. Furthermore, serum proteins are separated and quantified in all the patients by Serum-Protein-Electrophoresis (SPE). A new SPE parameter, Inflammatory-Protein-Ratio (IPR), is elaborated for the first time by a mathematical equation that considers the albumin, α1- and α2-globulins. IPR normal reference range (10.7%-28.3%) is calculated considering the normal reference range of albumin, α1- and α2-globulins obtained for controls. ANOVA, Pearson's, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's tests application show that IPR significantly correlates with direct proportionality with D-Dimer, CRP, and Fibrinogen. Significant (p<0.001) increase of these parameters, IPR included, is detected in COVID-19 patients only. Our results show that IPR is more specific for monitoring inflammatory status thanks to its correlation with the only three serum proteins involved in inflammation: albumin, α1- and α2-globulins. Furthermore, IPR can simplify the interpretation of SPE results about inflammatory status, being of unique value compared to the six-serum protein classes separately presented in the typical SPE clinical reports. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; albumin; inflammatory state; serum-protein-electrophoresis.
. 2022 May 9.
doi: 10.1002/elps.202100396. Online ahead of print.
Evaluation of a potential prognostic parameter for the inflammatory status in COVID-19 patients: The Inflammatory Protein Ratio
Francescopaolo Antonucci[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Domenico Di Carlo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Michele Falcone[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35531865
- DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100396
Abstract
C-Reactive-Protein (CRP), Fibrinogen, and D-Dimer are determined in the human plasma of 2745 hospitalized patients with and without COronaVIrus-Disease-2019 (COVID-19) by automated-latex enhanced immunoassay and immuno-turbidimetric assay. SARS-COV-2 RNA qualitative test, Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) based, is performed in nasopharyngeal swabs to confirm those with SARS-COV-2 positivity. Furthermore, serum proteins are separated and quantified in all the patients by Serum-Protein-Electrophoresis (SPE). A new SPE parameter, Inflammatory-Protein-Ratio (IPR), is elaborated for the first time by a mathematical equation that considers the albumin, α1- and α2-globulins. IPR normal reference range (10.7%-28.3%) is calculated considering the normal reference range of albumin, α1- and α2-globulins obtained for controls. ANOVA, Pearson's, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman's tests application show that IPR significantly correlates with direct proportionality with D-Dimer, CRP, and Fibrinogen. Significant (p<0.001) increase of these parameters, IPR included, is detected in COVID-19 patients only. Our results show that IPR is more specific for monitoring inflammatory status thanks to its correlation with the only three serum proteins involved in inflammation: albumin, α1- and α2-globulins. Furthermore, IPR can simplify the interpretation of SPE results about inflammatory status, being of unique value compared to the six-serum protein classes separately presented in the typical SPE clinical reports. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-COV-2; albumin; inflammatory state; serum-protein-electrophoresis.