tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Infect Dis
. 2022 Oct 19;28(12).
doi: 10.3201/eid2812.221086. Online ahead of print.
Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America
Anne Günther, Oliver Krone, Vilhjalmur Svansson, Anne Pohlmann, Jacqueline King, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Kristinn Haukur Skarphéðinsson, Heiða Sigurðardóttir, Stefán Ragnar Jónsson, Martin Beer, Brigitte Brugger, Timm Harder
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from northern Europe to North America by infected but mobile wild birds. At least 2 independent incursions of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b assigned to 2 hemagglutinin clusters, B1 and B2, are documented for summer‒autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Spread of HPAIV H5N1 to and among colony-breeding pelagic avian species in Iceland is ongoing. Potentially devastating effects (i.e., local losses >25%) on these species caused by extended HPAIV circulation in space and time are being observed at several affected breeding sites throughout the North Atlantic.
Keywords: Europe; H5N1; HPAIV; Iceland; North America; North Atlantic; avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; influenza virus; migratory birds; respiratory infections; stepping stone; subtype; transatlantic spread; viruses; zoonoses.
. 2022 Oct 19;28(12).
doi: 10.3201/eid2812.221086. Online ahead of print.
Iceland as Stepping Stone for Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus between Europe and North America
Anne Günther, Oliver Krone, Vilhjalmur Svansson, Anne Pohlmann, Jacqueline King, Gunnar Thor Hallgrimsson, Kristinn Haukur Skarphéðinsson, Heiða Sigurðardóttir, Stefán Ragnar Jónsson, Martin Beer, Brigitte Brugger, Timm Harder
- PMID: 36261139
- DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221086
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of hemagglutinin type H5 and clade 2.3.4.4b have widely spread within the northern hemisphere since 2020 and threaten wild bird populations, as well as poultry production. We present phylogeographic evidence that Iceland has been used as a stepping stone for HPAIV translocation from northern Europe to North America by infected but mobile wild birds. At least 2 independent incursions of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b assigned to 2 hemagglutinin clusters, B1 and B2, are documented for summer‒autumn 2021 and spring 2022. Spread of HPAIV H5N1 to and among colony-breeding pelagic avian species in Iceland is ongoing. Potentially devastating effects (i.e., local losses >25%) on these species caused by extended HPAIV circulation in space and time are being observed at several affected breeding sites throughout the North Atlantic.
Keywords: Europe; H5N1; HPAIV; Iceland; North America; North Atlantic; avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; influenza virus; migratory birds; respiratory infections; stepping stone; subtype; transatlantic spread; viruses; zoonoses.