tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Emerg Infect Dis
. 2025 Apr 15;31(6).
doi: 10.3201/eid3106.241558. Online ahead of print.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States
Todd E Katzner, Ashleigh V Blackford, Mary Donahue, Samantha E J Gibbs, Julianna Lenoch, Michael Martin, Tonie E Rocke, J Jeffrey Root, Darrel Styles, Sunny Cooper, Kristin Dean, Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond, Dominique Keller, Carlos Sanchez, Brett Dunlap, Thomas Grier, Michael P Jones, Gregory Nitzel, Erin Patrick, Maureen Purcell, Aaron J Specht, David L Suarez
In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and >21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and then California condors. We noted differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (vultures p<0.004; condors p-<0.02) but no adverse effects of vaccination. All vaccinated vultures and 80% of vaccinated condors showed maximum measured antibody response within the published range associated with survival of vaccinated and virally challenged chickens. We noted weak evidence of higher antibody responses for birds given two 0.5-mL vaccines versus those given one 1-mL vaccine but no correlation between antibody titers and sex for either species or between antibody titers and bone lead concentrations in vultures. Our results prompted initiation of a vaccination program for condors that could reduce spread of this disease among highly threatened species.
Keywords: Black vulture; California condor; Coragyps atratus; Gymnogyps californianus; H5N1; Influenza; United States; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; inactivated vaccine; respiratory infections; viruses; zoonoses.
. 2025 Apr 15;31(6).
doi: 10.3201/eid3106.241558. Online ahead of print.
Safety and Immunogenicity of Poultry Vaccine for Protecting Critically Endangered Avian Species against Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus, United States
Todd E Katzner, Ashleigh V Blackford, Mary Donahue, Samantha E J Gibbs, Julianna Lenoch, Michael Martin, Tonie E Rocke, J Jeffrey Root, Darrel Styles, Sunny Cooper, Kristin Dean, Zachary Dvornicky-Raymond, Dominique Keller, Carlos Sanchez, Brett Dunlap, Thomas Grier, Michael P Jones, Gregory Nitzel, Erin Patrick, Maureen Purcell, Aaron J Specht, David L Suarez
- PMID: 40233764
- DOI: 10.3201/eid3106.241558
In 2023, an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza occurred among critically endangered California condors (Gymnogyps californianus), and >21 died. We evaluated safety, immunogenicity, vaccination strategies, and correlates of antibody response of an influenza vaccine for poultry in black vultures (Coragyps atratus) and then California condors. We noted differences in antibody titers between vaccinated and unvaccinated birds (vultures p<0.004; condors p-<0.02) but no adverse effects of vaccination. All vaccinated vultures and 80% of vaccinated condors showed maximum measured antibody response within the published range associated with survival of vaccinated and virally challenged chickens. We noted weak evidence of higher antibody responses for birds given two 0.5-mL vaccines versus those given one 1-mL vaccine but no correlation between antibody titers and sex for either species or between antibody titers and bone lead concentrations in vultures. Our results prompted initiation of a vaccination program for condors that could reduce spread of this disease among highly threatened species.
Keywords: Black vulture; California condor; Coragyps atratus; Gymnogyps californianus; H5N1; Influenza; United States; highly pathogenic avian influenza virus; inactivated vaccine; respiratory infections; viruses; zoonoses.