tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
. 2020 Aug 22.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10551-3. Online ahead of print.
Effects of climatological parameters on the outbreak spread of COVID-19 in highly affected regions of Spain
Khurram Shahzad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Umer Shahzad[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Najaf Iqbal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Farrukh Shahzad[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zeeshan Fareed[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is infecting the human population, killing people, and destroying livelihoods. This research sought to explore the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and air quality (PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB]) with the daily new cases of COVID-19 in the top four regions of Spain (Castilla y Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, and Madrid). To this end, the authors employ Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and robust panel regressions to quantify the overall co-movement between temperature, air quality, and daily cases of COVID-19 from 29 February to 17 July 2020. Overall empirical results show that temperature may not be a determinant to induce COVID-19 spread in Spain, while the rising temperature may reduce the virus transmission. However, the correlation and regression findings illustrate that air quality may speed up the transmission rate of COVID-19. Our findings are contrary to the earlier studies, which show a significant impact of temperature in raising the COVID-19 spread. The conclusions of this work can serve as an input to mitigate the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Spain and reform policies accordingly.
Keywords: Air quality; COVID-19; Spain; Spearman correlation; Temperature.
. 2020 Aug 22.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-020-10551-3. Online ahead of print.
Effects of climatological parameters on the outbreak spread of COVID-19 in highly affected regions of Spain
Khurram Shahzad[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Umer Shahzad[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Najaf Iqbal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Farrukh Shahzad[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Zeeshan Fareed[SUP] 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 32827296
- DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10551-3
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is infecting the human population, killing people, and destroying livelihoods. This research sought to explore the associations of daily average temperature (AT) and air quality (PM[SUB]2.5[/SUB]) with the daily new cases of COVID-19 in the top four regions of Spain (Castilla y Leon, Castilla-La Mancha, Catalonia, and Madrid). To this end, the authors employ Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, and robust panel regressions to quantify the overall co-movement between temperature, air quality, and daily cases of COVID-19 from 29 February to 17 July 2020. Overall empirical results show that temperature may not be a determinant to induce COVID-19 spread in Spain, while the rising temperature may reduce the virus transmission. However, the correlation and regression findings illustrate that air quality may speed up the transmission rate of COVID-19. Our findings are contrary to the earlier studies, which show a significant impact of temperature in raising the COVID-19 spread. The conclusions of this work can serve as an input to mitigate the rapid spread of COVID-19 in Spain and reform policies accordingly.
Keywords: Air quality; COVID-19; Spain; Spearman correlation; Temperature.