tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
PLoS One. 2014 Aug 1;9(8):e103560. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103560. eCollection 2014.
Establishment and Clinical Applications of a Portable System for Capturing Influenza Viruses Released through Coughing.
Hatagishi E1, Okamoto M2, Ohmiya S2, Yano H2, Hori T2, Saito W3, Miki H3, Suzuki Y4, Saito R4, Yamamoto T5, Shoji M6, Morisaki Y7, Sakata S8, Nishimura H2.
Author information
Abstract
Coughing plays an important role in influenza transmission; however, there is insufficient information regarding the viral load in cough because of the lack of convenient and reliable collection methods. We developed a portable airborne particle-collection system to measure the viral load; it is equipped with an air sampler to draw air and pass it through a gelatin membrane filter connected to a cone-shaped, megaphone-like device to guide the cough airflow to the membrane. The membrane was dissolved in a medium, and the viral load was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and a plaque assay. The approximate viral recovery rate of this system was 10% in simulation experiments to collect and quantify the viral particles aerosolized by a nebulizer. Using this system, cough samples were collected from 56 influenza A patients. The total viral detection rate was 41% (23/56), and the viral loads varied significantly (from <10, less than the detection limit, to 2240 viral gene copies/cough). Viable viruses were detected from 3 samples with ≤18 plaque forming units per cough sample. The virus detection rates were similar among different groups of patients infected with different viral subtypes and during different influenza seasons. Among patients who did not receive antiviral treatment, viruses were detected in one of six cases in the vaccinated group and four of six cases in the unvaccinated group. We found cases with high viral titers in throat swabs or oral secretions but very low or undetectable in coughs and vice versa suggesting other possible anatomical sites where the viruses might be mixed into the cough. Our system is easy to operate, appropriate for bedside use, and is useful for comparing the viral load in cough samples from influenza patients under various conditions and settings. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate our results.
PMID:
25083787
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID:
PMC4118893
Free PMC Article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25083787
Establishment and Clinical Applications of a Portable System for Capturing Influenza Viruses Released through Coughing.
Hatagishi E1, Okamoto M2, Ohmiya S2, Yano H2, Hori T2, Saito W3, Miki H3, Suzuki Y4, Saito R4, Yamamoto T5, Shoji M6, Morisaki Y7, Sakata S8, Nishimura H2.
Author information
Abstract
Coughing plays an important role in influenza transmission; however, there is insufficient information regarding the viral load in cough because of the lack of convenient and reliable collection methods. We developed a portable airborne particle-collection system to measure the viral load; it is equipped with an air sampler to draw air and pass it through a gelatin membrane filter connected to a cone-shaped, megaphone-like device to guide the cough airflow to the membrane. The membrane was dissolved in a medium, and the viral load was measured using quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and a plaque assay. The approximate viral recovery rate of this system was 10% in simulation experiments to collect and quantify the viral particles aerosolized by a nebulizer. Using this system, cough samples were collected from 56 influenza A patients. The total viral detection rate was 41% (23/56), and the viral loads varied significantly (from <10, less than the detection limit, to 2240 viral gene copies/cough). Viable viruses were detected from 3 samples with ≤18 plaque forming units per cough sample. The virus detection rates were similar among different groups of patients infected with different viral subtypes and during different influenza seasons. Among patients who did not receive antiviral treatment, viruses were detected in one of six cases in the vaccinated group and four of six cases in the unvaccinated group. We found cases with high viral titers in throat swabs or oral secretions but very low or undetectable in coughs and vice versa suggesting other possible anatomical sites where the viruses might be mixed into the cough. Our system is easy to operate, appropriate for bedside use, and is useful for comparing the viral load in cough samples from influenza patients under various conditions and settings. However, further large-scale studies are warranted to validate our results.
PMID:
25083787
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID:
PMC4118893
Free PMC Article
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25083787