tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Eur J Immunol
. 2025 Dec;55(12):e70112.
doi: 10.1002/eji.70112. IL-10- and IL-13-Biased T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Diabetes
Emma M Jones[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caren Sourij[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martin Stradner[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Peter Schlenke[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nazanin Sereban[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Othmar Moser[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Rachael Quinlan[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Charlotte-Eve Short[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Benjamin H L Harris[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Michael Fertleman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Graham P Taylor[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Nick Oliver[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Harald Sourij[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Margarita Dominguez-Villar[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased severity and mortality from respiratory virus infections. Vaccination in the general population significantly reduces the risk of severe respiratory viral infection and triggers a strong, polyfunctional, and lasting T cell response in healthy individuals. However, vaccine effectiveness in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. Here, we studied the magnitude and functional characteristics of vaccine-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses to vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and compared them to those of people living without diabetes, using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine as a model. We found defects in both CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell memory maintenance and the functionality of the vaccine-specific T cells in people with diabetes compared with people without. In those individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who harbored detectable vaccine-specific T cells, they displayed an unfocused, tolerogenic phenotype characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and IL-13 compared with people without diabetes. These results have implications for vaccination strategies for people with diabetes.
Keywords: SARS‐CoV‐2; T cells; diabetes; memory; type 1 diabetes; vaccination.
. 2025 Dec;55(12):e70112.
doi: 10.1002/eji.70112. IL-10- and IL-13-Biased T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Diabetes
Emma M Jones[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caren Sourij[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Martin Stradner[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Peter Schlenke[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nazanin Sereban[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Othmar Moser[SUP] 5 6 [/SUP], Rachael Quinlan[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Charlotte-Eve Short[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Benjamin H L Harris[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Michael Fertleman[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Graham P Taylor[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Nick Oliver[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Harald Sourij[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Margarita Dominguez-Villar[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41367201
- PMCID: PMC12690275
- DOI: 10.1002/eji.70112
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with increased severity and mortality from respiratory virus infections. Vaccination in the general population significantly reduces the risk of severe respiratory viral infection and triggers a strong, polyfunctional, and lasting T cell response in healthy individuals. However, vaccine effectiveness in people with type 1 diabetes is unclear. Here, we studied the magnitude and functional characteristics of vaccine-specific CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell responses to vaccination in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and compared them to those of people living without diabetes, using the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine as a model. We found defects in both CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] and CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell memory maintenance and the functionality of the vaccine-specific T cells in people with diabetes compared with people without. In those individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who harbored detectable vaccine-specific T cells, they displayed an unfocused, tolerogenic phenotype characterized by increased expression of IL-10 and IL-13 compared with people without diabetes. These results have implications for vaccination strategies for people with diabetes.
Keywords: SARS‐CoV‐2; T cells; diabetes; memory; type 1 diabetes; vaccination.