tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
[h=2]Influenza vaccine effectiveness in reducing severe outcomes over six influenza seasons, a case-case analysis, Spain, 2010/11 to 2015/16
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Influenza surveillance is essential to determine the timing and spread of influenza and trace variations in circulating influenza viruses to provide information on the composition of the seasonal influenza vaccine [2]. Sentinel surveillance of patients hospitalised due to severe laboratory-confirmed influenza has shown that influenza is an important cause of severe illness and death, mainly among those aged 65 years and older and patients with underlying chronic diseases [3].
The influenza vaccine is the best tool for the prevention of influenza and its complications, particularly in patients with underlying chronic diseases and those aged 65 years and older [4-7]. Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing primary healthcare visits and hospital admissions for laboratory-confirmed influenza [8], but chronic conditions and other risk factors, including older ages, may interfere with and hinder a successful vaccine response [9,10].
When influenza vaccination is ineffective in preventing influenza virus infection it may still have an additional effect by reducing the severity of influenza [11]. It has been suggested that while protection against influenza virus infection is primarily mediated through the antibody response, protection against severe outcomes is mediated through cellular immune responses affecting viral clearance [4,11]; however, the effect of influenza vaccination on influenza severity remains uncertain. While some studies evaluating hospital admission in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza have failed to demonstrate a protective effect of influenza vaccination [12,13], others have found it has an effect on reducing influenza severity [14]. Case?case studies are considered the best approach to estimate a net effect of influenza vaccination on the post-infection outcomes only in subjects who become infected [15].
Nel 2010, la Catalogna, una regione nel nord-est della Spagna con 7,5 milioni di abitanti, ha iniziato la sorveglianza di pazienti ospedalizzati a causa di influenza confermata in laboratorio allo scopo di (i) stimare la gravit? delle epidemie influenzali stagionali secondo le caratteristiche del virus dell'influenza, (ii) identificazione dei gruppi di rischio per la gravit? e (iii) fornitura di informazioni per migliorare la prevenzione e il controllo dell'influenza. Il sistema comprende 12 ospedali per 4.644.543 persone (il 62% dell'intera popolazione) [16]. The surveillance system reports on patients hospitalised with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza admitted to one of these hospitals every influenza season since 2010/11. The hospital-based surveillance was set up to supplement the information provided by the influenza sentinel surveillance system based on surveillance information from primary healthcare network physicians [16].
The presented study aimed to estimate the effect of influenza vaccination during influenza seasons 2010/11?2015/16 in preventing severe outcomes, e.g. intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death, when the influenza vaccination did not prevent influenza and subsequent hospitalisation.
full article
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.43.1700732
- Pere Godoy[SUP]1,2,3[/SUP], Arantxa Romero[SUP]2[/SUP], N?ria Soldevila[SUP]2,4[/SUP], Nuria Torner[SUP]1,2,4[/SUP], Mireia Jan?[SUP]1,2[/SUP], Ana Mart?nez[SUP]1,2[/SUP], Joan A Cayl?[SUP]5[/SUP], Cristina Rius[SUP]2,6[/SUP], Angela Dom?nguez[SUP]2,4[/SUP], The Working Group on Surveillance of Severe Influenza Hospitalized Cases in Catalonia[SUP]7[/SUP]
Influenza surveillance is essential to determine the timing and spread of influenza and trace variations in circulating influenza viruses to provide information on the composition of the seasonal influenza vaccine [2]. Sentinel surveillance of patients hospitalised due to severe laboratory-confirmed influenza has shown that influenza is an important cause of severe illness and death, mainly among those aged 65 years and older and patients with underlying chronic diseases [3].
The influenza vaccine is the best tool for the prevention of influenza and its complications, particularly in patients with underlying chronic diseases and those aged 65 years and older [4-7]. Influenza vaccination is effective in preventing primary healthcare visits and hospital admissions for laboratory-confirmed influenza [8], but chronic conditions and other risk factors, including older ages, may interfere with and hinder a successful vaccine response [9,10].
When influenza vaccination is ineffective in preventing influenza virus infection it may still have an additional effect by reducing the severity of influenza [11]. It has been suggested that while protection against influenza virus infection is primarily mediated through the antibody response, protection against severe outcomes is mediated through cellular immune responses affecting viral clearance [4,11]; however, the effect of influenza vaccination on influenza severity remains uncertain. While some studies evaluating hospital admission in patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza have failed to demonstrate a protective effect of influenza vaccination [12,13], others have found it has an effect on reducing influenza severity [14]. Case?case studies are considered the best approach to estimate a net effect of influenza vaccination on the post-infection outcomes only in subjects who become infected [15].
Nel 2010, la Catalogna, una regione nel nord-est della Spagna con 7,5 milioni di abitanti, ha iniziato la sorveglianza di pazienti ospedalizzati a causa di influenza confermata in laboratorio allo scopo di (i) stimare la gravit? delle epidemie influenzali stagionali secondo le caratteristiche del virus dell'influenza, (ii) identificazione dei gruppi di rischio per la gravit? e (iii) fornitura di informazioni per migliorare la prevenzione e il controllo dell'influenza. Il sistema comprende 12 ospedali per 4.644.543 persone (il 62% dell'intera popolazione) [16]. The surveillance system reports on patients hospitalised with severe laboratory-confirmed influenza admitted to one of these hospitals every influenza season since 2010/11. The hospital-based surveillance was set up to supplement the information provided by the influenza sentinel surveillance system based on surveillance information from primary healthcare network physicians [16].
The presented study aimed to estimate the effect of influenza vaccination during influenza seasons 2010/11?2015/16 in preventing severe outcomes, e.g. intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death, when the influenza vaccination did not prevent influenza and subsequent hospitalisation.
full article
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.43.1700732