tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Exp Ther Med
. 2022 May;23(5):346.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11276. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
COVID-19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pantelis Avramopoulos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Petros Papalexis[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Aikaterini Bitsani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Christos Damaskos[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Anna Garmpi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Maria S Venetikou[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Daniel Paramythiotis[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Eleni Karlafti[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Pagona Sklapani[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Nikolaos Trakas[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Demetrios A Spandidos[SUP] 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.
Keywords: COVID-19; endocrine glands; hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism; parathyroid glands.
. 2022 May;23(5):346.
doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11276. Epub 2022 Mar 23.
COVID-19 induced hypoparathyroidism: A case report
Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pantelis Avramopoulos[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Petros Papalexis[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Aikaterini Bitsani[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Christos Damaskos[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Anna Garmpi[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Maria S Venetikou[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Daniel Paramythiotis[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Eleni Karlafti[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Pagona Sklapani[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Nikolaos Trakas[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Demetrios A Spandidos[SUP] 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35401797
- PMCID: PMC8988155
- DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11276
Abstract
Low levels of serum calcium, elevated levels of serum phosphorus and absent or abnormally low levels of serum parathyroid hormone characterize hypoparathyroidism, a rare endocrine deficiency illness. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by injury to the parathyroid gland as a result of surgery or autoimmune disease. In addition, hypoparathyroidism may develop due to genetic causes or infiltrative diseases. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by multi-organ involvement, including the dysfunction of endocrine glands. Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces endocrine tissue damage via various mechanisms, including direct cell damage from viral entry to the glands by binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptors and replication, vasculitis, arterial and venous thrombosis, hypoxic cell damage, immune response and the cytokine storm. The effects of the new coronavirus, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the parathyroid glands have received limited attention. Hypoparathyroidism has been observed in a small number of individuals as a result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present study describes the case of a patient with primary hypoparathyroidism induced by COVID-19. Clinicians should also keep in mind that, despite the fact that SARS-CoV-2 has no known tropism for the parathyroid glands, it can result in primary hypoparathyroidism and decompensation of old primary hypoparathyroidism.
Keywords: COVID-19; endocrine glands; hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism; parathyroid glands.