tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Expert Rev Vaccines
. 2026 Mar 12:2645378.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2645378. Online ahead of print.
Vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in the I-MOVE primary care network in Europe, VEBIS project, 2024/25
Héloïse Lucaccioni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Francisco Pozo[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Gimeno[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ralf Dürrwald[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marina Uras[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Lisa Domegan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Beatrix Oroszi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Adam Meijer[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Dorina Ujvari[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Ana Paula Rodrigues[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ivan Mlinarić[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mihaela Lazar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Eva Rivas Wagner[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Annika Erdwiens[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Vincent Enouf[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Adele McKenna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gergő Túri[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Marit de Lange[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Iván Martínez-Baz[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Neus Latorre-Margalef[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Raquel Guiomar[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Sanja Kurečić Filipovic[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Sorin Dinu[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Olatz Mokoroa[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kristin Tolksdorf[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Shirley Masse[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Charlene Bennett[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Katalin Kristóf[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Mariette Hooiveld[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Jesús Castilla[SUP] 9 [/SUP], João Santos[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Vesna Višekruna Vučina[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Rodica Popescu[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Sabrina Bacci[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Marlena Kaczmarek[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Esther Kissling[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods: Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results: We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions: Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
Keywords: Case control study; Europe; influenza; influenza vaccine; multicenter study; observational study; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.
. 2026 Mar 12:2645378.
doi: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2645378. Online ahead of print.
Vaccine effectiveness against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in the I-MOVE primary care network in Europe, VEBIS project, 2024/25
Héloïse Lucaccioni[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Francisco Pozo[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Gloria Pérez-Gimeno[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Ralf Dürrwald[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Marina Uras[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Lisa Domegan[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Beatrix Oroszi[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Adam Meijer[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Camino Trobajo-Sanmartín[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Dorina Ujvari[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Ana Paula Rodrigues[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Ivan Mlinarić[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Mihaela Lazar[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Eva Rivas Wagner[SUP] 14 [/SUP], Annika Erdwiens[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Vincent Enouf[SUP] 16 [/SUP], Adele McKenna[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Gergő Túri[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Marit de Lange[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Iván Martínez-Baz[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Neus Latorre-Margalef[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Raquel Guiomar[SUP] 17 [/SUP], Sanja Kurečić Filipovic[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Sorin Dinu[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Olatz Mokoroa[SUP] 18 [/SUP], Kristin Tolksdorf[SUP] 15 [/SUP], Shirley Masse[SUP] 19 [/SUP], Charlene Bennett[SUP] 20 [/SUP], Katalin Kristóf[SUP] 21 [/SUP], Mariette Hooiveld[SUP] 22 [/SUP], Jesús Castilla[SUP] 9 [/SUP], João Santos[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Vesna Višekruna Vučina[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Rodica Popescu[SUP] 23 [/SUP], Sabrina Bacci[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Marlena Kaczmarek[SUP] 24 [/SUP], Esther Kissling[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41816931
- DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2026.2645378
Background: We conducted a multicenter test-negative study to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically-attended, laboratory-confirmed influenza in primary care, Europe, 2024/25.
Research design and methods: Specimens were collected from patients with acute respiratory infection. All or a random sample of viruses were sequenced. VE was (1-odds ratio) × 100, adjusted for confounders.
Results: We included 7275 cases and 17,516 controls (weeks 40-2024-18-2025). Overall VE was 46% (95%CI: 40-52), lowest in adults ≥ 65 years at 28% (95%CI: 12-42). VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 30% (95%CI: 19-40); ranging 16-34% by age and vaccination target group. Most (88%) circulating clades were 5a.2a, distinct from the vaccine clade. VE was 28% (95%CI: 7-45) against 5a.2a (C.1.9), and 6% (95%CI: -62-45) against the vaccine-matched clade 5a.2a.1 (D). VE against influenza A(H3N2) was 38% (95%CI: 26-49); ranging 20-66% by age and target group. Circulating viruses belonged to the vaccine clade 2a.3a.1, with 88% subclade (J.2). VE against influenza B was 76% (95%CI: 69-81); ranging 70-80% by age and target group; all viruses belonged to vaccine clade V1A.3a.2, with diverse subclades.
Conclusions: Influenza vaccination protected approximately one in two vaccinated individuals against medically-attended infection in primary care in Europe, 2024/25, varying by (sub)type and age.
Keywords: Case control study; Europe; influenza; influenza vaccine; multicenter study; observational study; test-negative design; vaccine effectiveness.