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France - A bear who died last year at the Sigean African Reserve was infected with avian flu (media report)

Pathfinder

Editor, Senior Moderator
Translation Google

Avian flu: a bear from the Sigean African Reserve infected dies during general anesthesia

Published on 02/28/2023 at 12:28 , update at 2:29 p.m.

An elderly and sick bear, who died last year, was infected with avian flu at the Sigean African Reserve, confirming the transmission of the virus to mammals.

The information had gone unnoticed: on October 31, 2022, a very weakened, elderly bear died during general anesthesia which aimed to isolate him to allow the veterinarian of the African reserve to treat him. "The health context prompted us to launch additional analyzes which identified the bird flu virus" notes the veterinarian of the reserve. The management of the reserve underlines: "the sequencing of this virus is in progress by ANSES. This avian virus is regularly identified on carnivorous mammals and marine mammals".

Genetic investigations

ANSES, the national agency for food, environmental and occupational health safety, had effectively confirmed the transmission of the virus to mammals. At the end of last year, contamination was found in a cat living next to a duck farm. It has been known since 2004 that cats are susceptible to the virus, following cases detected in Germany and Thailand. "The avian influenza virus can sporadically infect mammals following mutations in the genome. The genetic investigations carried out have made it possible to verify that only the cat was a carrier of this mutant virus and that this mutation was not present, at this stage, in ducks from the farm at the origin of the contamination" indicates ANSES.

The African Reserve has gone through several periods of avian flu epidemics. At the end of last year, she first banned public access to the aviary , then set up several footbaths, before temporarily closing the animal park on November 6 and reopening it more quickly. than expected .

On the side of the management of the Reserve, where sanitary measures were draconian as soon as the virus appeared, we want to be reassuring. " Our other bears are in great shape!" The reserve has a population of eight Tibetan bears that can be admired at the entrance to the park in the part accessible by car. For her, it's clear, we must not link the death of this elderly bear to the famous virus.

https://www.lindependant.fr/2023/02/...r-11028287.php
 
Posted October 23, 2023.

High pathogenicity avian influenza A (H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus infection in a captive Tibetan black bear (Ursus thibetanus): investigations based on paraffin-embedded tissues, France, 2022

Pierre Bessiere, Nicolas Gaide, Guillaume Croville, Manuela Crispo, Maxime Fusade-Boyer, Yanad Abou Monsef,
Malorie Dirat, Marielle Beltrame, Philippine Dendauw, Karin Lemberger, Jean-Luc Guerin, Guillaume Le Loc'h

doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.19.563114

This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [what does this mean?].
Abstract


High pathogenicity avian influenza viruses H5Nx (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b have been circulating increasingly in both wild and domestic birds in recent years. In turn, this has led to an increase in the number of spillovers events affecting mammals. In November 2022, a HPAIV H5N1 caused an outbreak in a zoological park in the south of France, resulting in the death of a Tibetan black bear (Ursus thibetanus) and several captive and wild bird species. We detected the virus in various tissues of the bear and a wild black-headed gull found dead in its enclosure using histopathology, two different in-situ detection techniques and next generation sequencing, all performed on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Phylogenetic analysis performed on HA gene segment showed that bear and gull strains shared 99.998% genetic identity, making the bird strain the closest related one. We detected the PB2 E627K mutation in minute quantities in the gull, whereas it predominated in the bear, which suggests that this mammalian adaptation marker was selected during the bear infection. Our results provide the first molecular and histopathological characterization of an H5N1 virus infection in this bear species.

...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.19.563114v1
 
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