tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 Mar 20:15:1353012.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353012. eCollection 2024. Alveolar cytokines and interferon autoantibodies in COVID-19 ARDS
Trine B Jonassen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sofie E Jørgensen[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Nikki H Mitchell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Trine H Mogensen[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ronan M G Berg[SUP] 5 6 7 8 [/SUP], Andreas Ronit[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ronni R Plovsing[SUP] 1 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN autoantibodies play a crucial role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. The levels of these mediators have only rarely been studied in the alveolar compartment in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) but have not been compared across different ARDS etiologies, and the potential effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on these mediators is not known.
Methods: We assessed the integrity of the alveolo-capillary membrane, interleukins, type I, II, and III IFNs, and IFN autoantibodies by studying the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) volumes, alveolar concentration of protein, and ELF-corrected concentrations of cytokines in two patient subgroups and controls.
Results: A total of 16 patients with CARDS (four without and 12 with DXM treatment), eight with non-CARDS, and 15 healthy controls were included. The highest ELF volumes and protein levels were observed in CARDS. Systemic and ELF-corrected alveolar concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 appeared to be particularly low in patients with CARDS receiving DXM, whereas alveolar levels of IL-8 were high regardless of DXM treatment. Alveolar levels of IFNs were similar between CARDS and non-CARDS patients, and IFNα and IFNω autoantibody levels were higher in patients with CARDS and non-CARDS than in healthy controls.
Conclusions: Patients with CARDS exhibited greater alveolo-capillary barrier disruption with compartmentalization of IL-8, regardless of DXM treatment, whereas systemic and alveolar levels of IL-6 were lower in the DXM-treated subgroup. IFN-I autoantibodies were higher in the BALF of CARDS patients, independent of DXM, whereas IFN autoantibodies in plasma were similar to those in controls.
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; autoantibodies; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; coronavirus disease 2019; inflammation; interferons.
. 2024 Mar 20:15:1353012.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353012. eCollection 2024. Alveolar cytokines and interferon autoantibodies in COVID-19 ARDS
Trine B Jonassen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sofie E Jørgensen[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Nikki H Mitchell[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Trine H Mogensen[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Ronan M G Berg[SUP] 5 6 7 8 [/SUP], Andreas Ronit[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Ronni R Plovsing[SUP] 1 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38571960
- PMCID: PMC10987806
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353012
Background: Type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN autoantibodies play a crucial role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. The levels of these mediators have only rarely been studied in the alveolar compartment in patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) but have not been compared across different ARDS etiologies, and the potential effect of dexamethasone (DXM) on these mediators is not known.
Methods: We assessed the integrity of the alveolo-capillary membrane, interleukins, type I, II, and III IFNs, and IFN autoantibodies by studying the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) volumes, alveolar concentration of protein, and ELF-corrected concentrations of cytokines in two patient subgroups and controls.
Results: A total of 16 patients with CARDS (four without and 12 with DXM treatment), eight with non-CARDS, and 15 healthy controls were included. The highest ELF volumes and protein levels were observed in CARDS. Systemic and ELF-corrected alveolar concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6 appeared to be particularly low in patients with CARDS receiving DXM, whereas alveolar levels of IL-8 were high regardless of DXM treatment. Alveolar levels of IFNs were similar between CARDS and non-CARDS patients, and IFNα and IFNω autoantibody levels were higher in patients with CARDS and non-CARDS than in healthy controls.
Conclusions: Patients with CARDS exhibited greater alveolo-capillary barrier disruption with compartmentalization of IL-8, regardless of DXM treatment, whereas systemic and alveolar levels of IL-6 were lower in the DXM-treated subgroup. IFN-I autoantibodies were higher in the BALF of CARDS patients, independent of DXM, whereas IFN autoantibodies in plasma were similar to those in controls.
Keywords: acute respiratory distress syndrome; autoantibodies; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; coronavirus disease 2019; inflammation; interferons.