tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 Jan 29:15:1287132.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287132. eCollection 2024. An early warning indicator of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19: the neutrophil extracellular traps/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio
Qiong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yu Qin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jingyun Ma[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kehao Zhou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Guiping Xia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ya Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Li Xie[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Richmond Godwin Afful[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Qian Lan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Xingyu Huo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jian Zou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hailin Yang[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in thrombus formation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the existing detection and observation methods for NETs are limited in their ability to provide quantitative, convenient, and accurate descriptions of in situ NETs. Therefore, establishing a quantitative description of the relationship between NETs and thrombosis remains a challenge.
Objective: We employed morphological observations of blood cells and statistical analyses to investigate the correlation between the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio and mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between November 2022 and February 2023, and various blood cell parameters were measured. Two types of smudge cells were observed in the blood and counted: lymphatic and neutral smudge cells. Statistical data analysis was used to establish COVID-19 mortality risk assessment indicators.
Results: Morphological observations of neutrophilic smudge cells revealed swelling, eruption, and NETs formation in the neutrophil nuclei. Subsequently, the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio (NNSR) was calculated. A high concentration of NETs poses a fatal risk for thrombus formation in patients. Statistical analysis indicated that a high NNSR was more suitable for evaluating the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 compared to elevated fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (DD) levels.
Conclusion: Observing blood cell morphology is an effective method for the detection of NETs, NNSR are important markers for revealing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio; neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); peripheral blood; smudge cells; thrombus.
. 2024 Jan 29:15:1287132.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287132. eCollection 2024. An early warning indicator of mortality risk in patients with COVID-19: the neutrophil extracellular traps/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio
Qiong Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yu Qin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jingyun Ma[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kehao Zhou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Guiping Xia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ya Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Li Xie[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Richmond Godwin Afful[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Qian Lan[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Xingyu Huo[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jian Zou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hailin Yang[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38348024
- PMCID: PMC10859410
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1287132
Background: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a key role in thrombus formation in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the existing detection and observation methods for NETs are limited in their ability to provide quantitative, convenient, and accurate descriptions of in situ NETs. Therefore, establishing a quantitative description of the relationship between NETs and thrombosis remains a challenge.
Objective: We employed morphological observations of blood cells and statistical analyses to investigate the correlation between the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio and mortality risk in patients with COVID-19.
Methods: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 117 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 between November 2022 and February 2023, and various blood cell parameters were measured. Two types of smudge cells were observed in the blood and counted: lymphatic and neutral smudge cells. Statistical data analysis was used to establish COVID-19 mortality risk assessment indicators.
Results: Morphological observations of neutrophilic smudge cells revealed swelling, eruption, and NETs formation in the neutrophil nuclei. Subsequently, the NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio (NNSR) was calculated. A high concentration of NETs poses a fatal risk for thrombus formation in patients. Statistical analysis indicated that a high NNSR was more suitable for evaluating the risk of death in patients with COVID-19 compared to elevated fibrinogen (FIB) and D-dimer (DD) levels.
Conclusion: Observing blood cell morphology is an effective method for the detection of NETs, NNSR are important markers for revealing the mortality risk of patients with COVID-19.
Keywords: COVID-19; NETs/neutrophilic segmented granulocyte ratio; neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs); peripheral blood; smudge cells; thrombus.