tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Feb 23;13:832501.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501. eCollection 2022.
Decline in Antibody Concentration 6 Months After Two Doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls
Sebastian Rask Hamm[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dina Leth Møller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laura Pérez-Alós[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Cecilie Bo Hansen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mia Marie Pries-Heje[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Line Dam Heftdal[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kamille Fogh[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Johannes Roth Madsen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johan Runge Poulsen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ruth Frikke-Schmidt[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Linda Maria Hilsted[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Erik Sørensen[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Sisse Rye Ostrowski[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Zitta Barrella Harboe[SUP] 8 10 [/SUP], Michael Perch[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Søren Schwartz Sørensen[SUP] 8 11 [/SUP], Allan Rasmussen[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Henning Bundgaard[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Peter Garred[SUP] 2 8 [/SUP], Kasper Iversen[SUP] 5 8 13 [/SUP], Susanne Dam Nielsen[SUP] 1 8 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated inferior responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the development of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after two doses of BNT162b2b in SOT recipients 6 months after vaccination and compared to that of immunocompetent controls.
Methods: We measured anti-RBD IgG after two doses of BNT162b2 in 200 SOT recipients and 200 matched healthy controls up to 6 months after first vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG concentration and neutralizing capacity of antibodies were measured at first and second doses of BNT162b2 and 2 and 6 months after the first dose. T-cell responses were measured 6 months after the first dose.
Results: In SOT recipients, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-RBD IgG increased from first to second dose (1.14 AU/ml, 95% CI 1.08-1.24 to 11.97 AU/ml, 95% CI 7.73-18.77) and from second dose to 2 months (249.29 AU/ml, 95% CI 153.70-385.19). Six months after the first vaccine, anti-RBD IgG declined (55.85 AU/ml, 95% CI 36.95-83.33). At all time points, anti-RBD IgG was lower in SOT recipients than that in controls. Fewer SOT recipients than controls had a cellular response (13.1% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with humoral non-response included age [relative risk (RR) 1.23 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p < 0.001], being within 1 year from transplantation (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85, p < 0.001), treatment with mycophenolate (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p = 0.015), treatment with corticosteroids (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90, p = 0.009), kidney transplantation (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25-2.30, p = 0.001), lung transplantation (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16-2.29, p = 0.005), and de novo non-skin cancer comorbidity (RR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.26-1.82, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
Keywords: BNT162b2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immunogenicity; solid organ transplant recipient; vaccination; vaccine.
. 2022 Feb 23;13:832501.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501. eCollection 2022.
Decline in Antibody Concentration 6 Months After Two Doses of SARS-CoV-2 BNT162b2 Vaccine in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients and Healthy Controls
Sebastian Rask Hamm[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Dina Leth Møller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laura Pérez-Alós[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Cecilie Bo Hansen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Mia Marie Pries-Heje[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Line Dam Heftdal[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Kamille Fogh[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Johannes Roth Madsen[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Andreas Dehlbæk Knudsen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Johan Runge Poulsen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ruth Frikke-Schmidt[SUP] 7 8 [/SUP], Linda Maria Hilsted[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Erik Sørensen[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Sisse Rye Ostrowski[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP], Zitta Barrella Harboe[SUP] 8 10 [/SUP], Michael Perch[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Søren Schwartz Sørensen[SUP] 8 11 [/SUP], Allan Rasmussen[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Henning Bundgaard[SUP] 3 8 [/SUP], Peter Garred[SUP] 2 8 [/SUP], Kasper Iversen[SUP] 5 8 13 [/SUP], Susanne Dam Nielsen[SUP] 1 8 12 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35281023
- PMCID: PMC8905653
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.832501
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have indicated inferior responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We examined the development of anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) after two doses of BNT162b2b in SOT recipients 6 months after vaccination and compared to that of immunocompetent controls.
Methods: We measured anti-RBD IgG after two doses of BNT162b2 in 200 SOT recipients and 200 matched healthy controls up to 6 months after first vaccination. Anti-RBD IgG concentration and neutralizing capacity of antibodies were measured at first and second doses of BNT162b2 and 2 and 6 months after the first dose. T-cell responses were measured 6 months after the first dose.
Results: In SOT recipients, geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-RBD IgG increased from first to second dose (1.14 AU/ml, 95% CI 1.08-1.24 to 11.97 AU/ml, 95% CI 7.73-18.77) and from second dose to 2 months (249.29 AU/ml, 95% CI 153.70-385.19). Six months after the first vaccine, anti-RBD IgG declined (55.85 AU/ml, 95% CI 36.95-83.33). At all time points, anti-RBD IgG was lower in SOT recipients than that in controls. Fewer SOT recipients than controls had a cellular response (13.1% vs. 59.4%, p < 0.001). Risk factors associated with humoral non-response included age [relative risk (RR) 1.23 per 10-year increase, 95% CI 1.11-1.35, p < 0.001], being within 1 year from transplantation (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.30-1.85, p < 0.001), treatment with mycophenolate (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.09-2.18, p = 0.015), treatment with corticosteroids (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.10-1.90, p = 0.009), kidney transplantation (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.25-2.30, p = 0.001), lung transplantation (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.16-2.29, p = 0.005), and de novo non-skin cancer comorbidity (RR 1.52, 95% CI, 1.26-1.82, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Immune responses to BNT162b2 are inferior in SOT recipients compared to healthy controls, and studies aiming to determine the clinical impact of inferior vaccine responses are warranted.
Keywords: BNT162b2; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; immunogenicity; solid organ transplant recipient; vaccination; vaccine.