tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 Sep 25:15:1443363.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443363. eCollection 2024. Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function
Shokrollah Elahi[SUP] 1 2 3 4 5 6 [/SUP], Maryam Rezaeifar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mohammed Osman[SUP] 2 3 7 [/SUP], Shima Shahbaz[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
This study aimed to assess plasma galectin-9 (Gal-9) and artemin (ARTN) concentrations as potential biomarkers to differentiate individuals with Long COVID (LC) patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered (R) and healthy controls (HCs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined a cut-off value of plasma Gal-9 and ARTN to differentiate LC patients from the R group and HCs in two independent cohorts. Positive correlations were observed between elevated plasma Gal-9 levels and inflammatory markers (e.g. SAA and IP-10), as well as sCD14 and I-FABP in LC patients. Gal-9 also exhibited a positive correlation with cognitive failure scores, suggesting its potential role in cognitive impairment in LC patients with ME/CFS. This study highlights plasma Gal-9 and/or ARTN as sensitive screening biomarkers for discriminating LC patients from controls. Notably, the elevation of LPS-binding protein in LC patients, as has been observed in HIV infected individuals, suggests microbial translocation. However, despite elevated Gal-9, we found a significant decline in ARTN levels in the plasma of people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study provides a novel and important role for Gal-9/ARTN in LC pathogenesis.
Keywords: HIV; artemin; chronic fatigue syndrome; galectin-9; long COVID; microbial translocation.
. 2024 Sep 25:15:1443363.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443363. eCollection 2024. Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function
Shokrollah Elahi[SUP] 1 2 3 4 5 6 [/SUP], Maryam Rezaeifar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Mohammed Osman[SUP] 2 3 7 [/SUP], Shima Shahbaz[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39386210
- PMCID: PMC11461188
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1443363
This study aimed to assess plasma galectin-9 (Gal-9) and artemin (ARTN) concentrations as potential biomarkers to differentiate individuals with Long COVID (LC) patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) from SARS-CoV-2 recovered (R) and healthy controls (HCs). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis determined a cut-off value of plasma Gal-9 and ARTN to differentiate LC patients from the R group and HCs in two independent cohorts. Positive correlations were observed between elevated plasma Gal-9 levels and inflammatory markers (e.g. SAA and IP-10), as well as sCD14 and I-FABP in LC patients. Gal-9 also exhibited a positive correlation with cognitive failure scores, suggesting its potential role in cognitive impairment in LC patients with ME/CFS. This study highlights plasma Gal-9 and/or ARTN as sensitive screening biomarkers for discriminating LC patients from controls. Notably, the elevation of LPS-binding protein in LC patients, as has been observed in HIV infected individuals, suggests microbial translocation. However, despite elevated Gal-9, we found a significant decline in ARTN levels in the plasma of people living with HIV (PLWH). Our study provides a novel and important role for Gal-9/ARTN in LC pathogenesis.
Keywords: HIV; artemin; chronic fatigue syndrome; galectin-9; long COVID; microbial translocation.