tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Jan 4;12:785599.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785599. eCollection 2021.
Hypozincemia in COVID-19 Patients Correlates With Stronger Antibody Response
Wenye Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yingzhi Liu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xuan Zou[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Huanle Luo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Weihua Wu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Junjie Xia[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Matthew T V Chan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shisong Fang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuelong Shu[SUP] 5 [/SUP], William K K Wu[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Lin Zhang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Zinc ion as an enzyme cofactor exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity during infection, but circulating zinc ion level during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum zinc ion level in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy subjects, as well as its correlation with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. 114 COVID-19 patients and 48 healthy subjects (38 healthy volunteers and 10 close contacts of patients with COVID-19) were included. Zinc ion concentration and levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 + Spike 2 proteins, nucleocapsid protein, and receptor-binding domain in serum were measured. Results showed that the concentration of zinc ion in serum from COVID-19 patients [median: 6.4 nmol/mL (IQR 1.5 - 12.0 nmol/mL)] were significantly lower than that from the healthy subjects [median: 15.0 nmol/mL (IQR 11.9 - 18.8 nmol/mL)] (p < 0.001) and the difference remained significant after age stratification (p < 0.001) or when the patients were at the recovery stage (p < 0.001). Furthermore, COVID-19 patients with more severe hypozincemia showed higher levels of IgG against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Further studies to confirm the effect of zinc supplementation on improving the outcomes of COVID-19, including antibody response against SARS-CoV-2, are warranted.
Keywords: COVID - 19; RBD; SARS – CoV – 2; antibody; zinc.
. 2022 Jan 4;12:785599.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785599. eCollection 2021.
Hypozincemia in COVID-19 Patients Correlates With Stronger Antibody Response
Wenye Xu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yingzhi Liu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Xuan Zou[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Huanle Luo[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Weihua Wu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Junjie Xia[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Matthew T V Chan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Shisong Fang[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuelong Shu[SUP] 5 [/SUP], William K K Wu[SUP] 2 6 [/SUP], Lin Zhang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35058926
- PMCID: PMC8763690
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785599
Abstract
Zinc ion as an enzyme cofactor exhibits antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity during infection, but circulating zinc ion level during Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate serum zinc ion level in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and healthy subjects, as well as its correlation with antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. 114 COVID-19 patients and 48 healthy subjects (38 healthy volunteers and 10 close contacts of patients with COVID-19) were included. Zinc ion concentration and levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 + Spike 2 proteins, nucleocapsid protein, and receptor-binding domain in serum were measured. Results showed that the concentration of zinc ion in serum from COVID-19 patients [median: 6.4 nmol/mL (IQR 1.5 - 12.0 nmol/mL)] were significantly lower than that from the healthy subjects [median: 15.0 nmol/mL (IQR 11.9 - 18.8 nmol/mL)] (p < 0.001) and the difference remained significant after age stratification (p < 0.001) or when the patients were at the recovery stage (p < 0.001). Furthermore, COVID-19 patients with more severe hypozincemia showed higher levels of IgG against the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Further studies to confirm the effect of zinc supplementation on improving the outcomes of COVID-19, including antibody response against SARS-CoV-2, are warranted.
Keywords: COVID - 19; RBD; SARS – CoV – 2; antibody; zinc.