tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2022 Mar 21;13:830715.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830715. eCollection 2022.
Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 S and N Protein Peptide and Cytokine Combinations as Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Fatal COVID-19
Ekaterina Martynova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaimaa Hamza[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Markelova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ekaterina Garanina[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuriy Davidyuk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Venera Shakirova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Neha Kaushal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manoj Baranwal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Robert J Stott-Marshall[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Toshana L Foster[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Albert Rizvanov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Svetlana Khaiboullina[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Early indications of the likelihood of severe coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 can influence treatments and could improve clinical outcomes. However, knowledge on the prediction markers of COVID-19 fatality risks remains limited. Here, we analyzed and quantified the reactivity of serum samples from acute (non-fatal and fatal) and convalescent COVID-19 patients with the spike surface glycoprotein (S protein) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N protein) SARS-CoV-2 peptide libraries. Cytokine activation was also analyzed. We demonstrated that IgM from fatal COVID-19 serum reacted with several N protein peptides. In contrast, IgM from non-fatal serum reacted more with S protein peptides. Further, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in fatal COVID-19 serum compared to non-fatal. Many of these cytokines were pro-inflammatory and chemokines. Differences in IgG reactivity from fatal and non-fatal COVID-19 sera were also demonstrated. Additionally, the longitudinal analysis of IgG reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 S and N protein identified peptides with the highest longevity in humoral immune response. Finally, using IgM antibody reactivity with S and N SARS-CoV-2 peptides and selected cytokines, we have identified a panel of biomarkers specific to patients with a higher risk of fatal COVID-19 compared with that of patients who survive. This panel could be used for the early prediction of COVID-19 fatality risk.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine; fatal; peptide.
. 2022 Mar 21;13:830715.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830715. eCollection 2022.
Immunogenic SARS-CoV-2 S and N Protein Peptide and Cytokine Combinations as Biomarkers for Early Prediction of Fatal COVID-19
Ekaterina Martynova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Shaimaa Hamza[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Maria Markelova[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ekaterina Garanina[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Yuriy Davidyuk[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Venera Shakirova[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Neha Kaushal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Manoj Baranwal[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Robert J Stott-Marshall[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Toshana L Foster[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Albert Rizvanov[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Svetlana Khaiboullina[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35386707
- PMCID: PMC8979210
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.830715
Abstract
Early indications of the likelihood of severe coronavirus disease 2019 COVID-19 can influence treatments and could improve clinical outcomes. However, knowledge on the prediction markers of COVID-19 fatality risks remains limited. Here, we analyzed and quantified the reactivity of serum samples from acute (non-fatal and fatal) and convalescent COVID-19 patients with the spike surface glycoprotein (S protein) and nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N protein) SARS-CoV-2 peptide libraries. Cytokine activation was also analyzed. We demonstrated that IgM from fatal COVID-19 serum reacted with several N protein peptides. In contrast, IgM from non-fatal serum reacted more with S protein peptides. Further, higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found in fatal COVID-19 serum compared to non-fatal. Many of these cytokines were pro-inflammatory and chemokines. Differences in IgG reactivity from fatal and non-fatal COVID-19 sera were also demonstrated. Additionally, the longitudinal analysis of IgG reactivity with SARS-CoV-2 S and N protein identified peptides with the highest longevity in humoral immune response. Finally, using IgM antibody reactivity with S and N SARS-CoV-2 peptides and selected cytokines, we have identified a panel of biomarkers specific to patients with a higher risk of fatal COVID-19 compared with that of patients who survive. This panel could be used for the early prediction of COVID-19 fatality risk.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; cytokine; fatal; peptide.