tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2021 Nov 19;12:772511.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511. eCollection 2021.
Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
Jin Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Cheng Guo[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lin Cai[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Conghui Liao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Huaimin Yi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qianlin Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Huan Hu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qiang Deng[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yuying Lu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhongmin Guo[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zeliang Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jiahai Lu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; cross-reactive antibody immunity; inactivated vaccine; neutralization; seasonal coronavirus.
. 2021 Nov 19;12:772511.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511. eCollection 2021.
Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization
Jin Wang[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Cheng Guo[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Lin Cai[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Conghui Liao[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Huaimin Yi[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qianlin Li[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Huan Hu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Qiang Deng[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Yuying Lu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Zhongmin Guo[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Zeliang Chen[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Jiahai Lu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34868035
- PMCID: PMC8640209
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511
Abstract
Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; cross-reactive antibody immunity; inactivated vaccine; neutralization; seasonal coronavirus.