tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Immunol
. 2024 Mar 5:15:1350288.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350288. eCollection 2024. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on Th17 and regulatory T cells in a pregnancy cohort in NYC
Frederieke A J Gigase[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Mara Graziani[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Juliana Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corina Lesseur[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anna-Sophie Rommel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tammy Flores[SUP] 1 [/SUP], M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siobhan Dolan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Joanne Stone[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Teresa Janevic[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Whitney Lieb[SUP] 6 8 [/SUP], Veerle Bergink[SUP] 1 6 8 9 [/SUP], Lot D de Witte[SUP] 1 3 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Disturbances in T-cells, specifically the Th17/Treg balance, have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated these two T-cell populations following pre-pregnancy and pregnancy SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in 351 participants from a pregnancy cohort in New York City (Generation C; 2020-2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection status was determined via laboratory or medical diagnosis and COVID-19 vaccination status via survey and electronic medical records data. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at routine prenatal visits throughout gestation (median 108 days; IQR 67-191 days) with repeated measures for 104 participants (29.6%). T-cell populations CD4+/CD3+, Th17/CD4+, Treg/CD4+ and the Th17/Treg ratio were quantified using flow cytometry. Results showed that inter-individual differences are a main influencing factor in Th17 and Treg variance, however total variance explained remained small (R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 15-39%). Overall, Th17 and Treg populations were not significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in adjusted linear mixed models (p>0.05), however comparison of repeated measures among SARS-CoV-2 infected participants and non-infected controls suggests a relative increase of the Th17/Treg ratio following infection. In addition, the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to pregnancy (10-138 weeks) compared to controls (β=0.48, p=0.003). COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with Th17 and Treg cells. Our findings suggest an impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Th17/Treg ratio, likely depending on severity of infection, yet the observed trends and their potential consequences for pregnancy outcomes require further investigation. Our study contributes to growing evidence that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy does not lead to an exacerbated immune response.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 vaccination; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Th17; Treg; ratio.
. 2024 Mar 5:15:1350288.
doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350288. eCollection 2024. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination on Th17 and regulatory T cells in a pregnancy cohort in NYC
Frederieke A J Gigase[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Mara Graziani[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Juliana Castro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corina Lesseur[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Anna-Sophie Rommel[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Tammy Flores[SUP] 1 [/SUP], M Mercedes Perez-Rodriguez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Siobhan Dolan[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Joanne Stone[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Teresa Janevic[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP], Whitney Lieb[SUP] 6 8 [/SUP], Veerle Bergink[SUP] 1 6 8 9 [/SUP], Lot D de Witte[SUP] 1 3 10 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38504979
- PMCID: PMC10948419
- DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1350288
Disturbances in T-cells, specifically the Th17/Treg balance, have been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes. We investigated these two T-cell populations following pre-pregnancy and pregnancy SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in 351 participants from a pregnancy cohort in New York City (Generation C; 2020-2022). SARS-CoV-2 infection status was determined via laboratory or medical diagnosis and COVID-19 vaccination status via survey and electronic medical records data. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected at routine prenatal visits throughout gestation (median 108 days; IQR 67-191 days) with repeated measures for 104 participants (29.6%). T-cell populations CD4+/CD3+, Th17/CD4+, Treg/CD4+ and the Th17/Treg ratio were quantified using flow cytometry. Results showed that inter-individual differences are a main influencing factor in Th17 and Treg variance, however total variance explained remained small (R[SUP]2[/SUP] = 15-39%). Overall, Th17 and Treg populations were not significantly affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy in adjusted linear mixed models (p>0.05), however comparison of repeated measures among SARS-CoV-2 infected participants and non-infected controls suggests a relative increase of the Th17/Treg ratio following infection. In addition, the Th17/Treg ratio was significantly higher after SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to pregnancy (10-138 weeks) compared to controls (β=0.48, p=0.003). COVID-19 vaccination was not associated with Th17 and Treg cells. Our findings suggest an impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the Th17/Treg ratio, likely depending on severity of infection, yet the observed trends and their potential consequences for pregnancy outcomes require further investigation. Our study contributes to growing evidence that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy does not lead to an exacerbated immune response.
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; COVID-19 vaccination; SARS-CoV-2 infection; Th17; Treg; ratio.