tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Microbiol
. 2023 Aug 8;14:1243567.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243567. eCollection 2023. Human-to-swine introductions and onward transmission of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in Brazil
Dennis Maletich Junqueira[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caroline Tochetto[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tavis K Anderson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danielle Gava[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vanessa Haach[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maurício E Cantão[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amy L Vincent Baker[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rejane Schaefer[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Introduction: Once established in the human population, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus (H1N1pdm09) was repeatedly introduced into swine populations globally with subsequent onward transmission among pigs.
Methods: To identify and characterize human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 introductions in Brazil, we conducted a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of 4,141 H1pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA) and 3,227 N1pdm09 neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences isolated globally from humans and swine between 2009 and 2022.
Results: Phylodynamic analysis revealed that during the period between 2009 and 2011, there was a rapid transmission of the H1N1pdm09 virus from humans to swine in Brazil. Multiple introductions of the virus were observed, but most of them resulted in self-limited infections in swine, with limited onward transmission. Only a few sustained transmission clusters were identified during this period. After 2012, there was a reduction in the number of human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 transmissions in Brazil.
Discussion: The virus underwent continuous antigenic drift, and a balance was established between swine-to-swine transmission and extinction, with minimal sustained onward transmission from humans to swine. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
Keywords: 2009 H1N1; Brazil; influenza A virus; spillover; swine.
. 2023 Aug 8;14:1243567.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243567. eCollection 2023. Human-to-swine introductions and onward transmission of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza viruses in Brazil
Dennis Maletich Junqueira[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Caroline Tochetto[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Tavis K Anderson[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Danielle Gava[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Vanessa Haach[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Maurício E Cantão[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Amy L Vincent Baker[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Rejane Schaefer[SUP] 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37614592
- PMCID: PMC10442540
- DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1243567
Introduction: Once established in the human population, the 2009 H1N1 pandemic virus (H1N1pdm09) was repeatedly introduced into swine populations globally with subsequent onward transmission among pigs.
Methods: To identify and characterize human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 introductions in Brazil, we conducted a large-scale phylogenetic analysis of 4,141 H1pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA) and 3,227 N1pdm09 neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences isolated globally from humans and swine between 2009 and 2022.
Results: Phylodynamic analysis revealed that during the period between 2009 and 2011, there was a rapid transmission of the H1N1pdm09 virus from humans to swine in Brazil. Multiple introductions of the virus were observed, but most of them resulted in self-limited infections in swine, with limited onward transmission. Only a few sustained transmission clusters were identified during this period. After 2012, there was a reduction in the number of human-to-swine H1N1pdm09 transmissions in Brazil.
Discussion: The virus underwent continuous antigenic drift, and a balance was established between swine-to-swine transmission and extinction, with minimal sustained onward transmission from humans to swine. These results emphasize the dynamic interplay between human-to-swine transmission, antigenic drift, and the establishment of swine-to-swine transmission in shaping the evolution and persistence of H1N1pdm09 in swine populations.
Keywords: 2009 H1N1; Brazil; influenza A virus; spillover; swine.