tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Neurol
. 2020 Sep 4;11:1039.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01039. eCollection 2020.
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
Parm?nides Guadarrama-Ortiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jos? Alberto Chore?o-Parra[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Claudia Marisol S?nchez-Mart?nez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Francisco Javier Pacheco-S?nchez[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Alberto Iv?n Rodr?guez-Nava[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Gabriela Garc?a-Quintero[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002-2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barr? syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; pneumonia; severe acute respiratory syndrome.
. 2020 Sep 4;11:1039.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01039. eCollection 2020.
Neurological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Mechanisms and Manifestations
Parm?nides Guadarrama-Ortiz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jos? Alberto Chore?o-Parra[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Claudia Marisol S?nchez-Mart?nez[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Francisco Javier Pacheco-S?nchez[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Alberto Iv?n Rodr?guez-Nava[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Gabriela Garc?a-Quintero[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33013675
- PMCID: PMC7499054
- DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.01039
Abstract
The human infection of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a public health emergency of international concern that has caused more than 16.8 million new cases and 662,000 deaths as of July 30, 2020. Although coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is associated with this virus, mainly affects the lungs, recent evidence from clinical and pathological studies indicates that this pathogen has a broad infective ability to spread to extrapulmonary tissues, causing multiorgan failure in severely ill patients. In this regard, there is increasing preoccupation with the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 due to the observation of neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients. This concern is also supported by the neurotropism previously documented in other human coronaviruses, including the 2002-2003 SARS-CoV-1 outbreak. Hence, in the current review article, we aimed to summarize the spectrum of neurological findings associated with COVID-19, which include signs of peripheral neuropathy, myopathy, olfactory dysfunction, meningoencephalitis, Guillain-Barr? syndrome, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, we analyze the mechanisms underlying such neurological sequela and discuss possible therapeutics for patients with neurological findings associated with COVID-19. Finally, we describe the host- and pathogen-specific factors that determine the tissue tropism of SARS-CoV-2 and possible routes employed by the virus to invade the nervous system from a pathophysiological and molecular perspective. In this manner, the current manuscript contributes to increasing the current understanding of the neurological aspects of COVID-19 and the impact of the current pandemic on the neurology field.
Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; pneumonia; severe acute respiratory syndrome.