tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Front Pharmacol
. 2022 Jan 12;12:759587.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759587. eCollection 2021.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype-Specific Immune Response Contributes to the Susceptibility of COVID-19: A Nested Case-Control Study
Pengyun Gong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fanghua Mei[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ruili Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuchen Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Weizheng Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kai Pan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Junqiang Xu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chao Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hongjun Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kun Cai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Wei Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in a global pandemic. Methodology: We used a two-step polymerase chain reaction to detect the ACE genotype and ELISA kits to detect the cytokine factor. We also used proteomics to identify the immune pathway related to the ACE protein expression. Result: In this study, we found that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to COVID-19 in a risk-dependent manner among the Chinese population. D/D genotype distributions were higher in the COVID-19 disease group than in the control group (D/D odds ratio is 3.87 for mild (p value < 0.0001), 2.59 for moderate (p value = 0.0002), and 4.05 for severe symptoms (p value < 0.0001), logic regression analysis. Moreover, genotype-specific cytokine storms and immune responses were found enriched in patients with the ACE deletion polymorphism, suggesting the contribution to the susceptibility to COVID-19. Finally, we identified the immune pathway such as the complement system related to the ACE protein expression of patients by lung and plasma proteomics. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that it is very important to consider gene polymorphisms in the population to discover a host-based COVID-19 vaccine and drug design for preventive and precision medicine.
Keywords: COVID-19; angiotensin-converting enzyme; cytokine; genotype; immune response.
. 2022 Jan 12;12:759587.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759587. eCollection 2021.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Genotype-Specific Immune Response Contributes to the Susceptibility of COVID-19: A Nested Case-Control Study
Pengyun Gong[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Fanghua Mei[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ruili Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yuchen Wang[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Weizheng Li[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kai Pan[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Junqiang Xu[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Chao Liu[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hongjun Li[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kun Cai[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Wei Shi[SUP] 1 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 35095487
- PMCID: PMC8790029
- DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759587
Abstract
Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has resulted in a global pandemic. Methodology: We used a two-step polymerase chain reaction to detect the ACE genotype and ELISA kits to detect the cytokine factor. We also used proteomics to identify the immune pathway related to the ACE protein expression. Result: In this study, we found that the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) deletion polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to COVID-19 in a risk-dependent manner among the Chinese population. D/D genotype distributions were higher in the COVID-19 disease group than in the control group (D/D odds ratio is 3.87 for mild (p value < 0.0001), 2.59 for moderate (p value = 0.0002), and 4.05 for severe symptoms (p value < 0.0001), logic regression analysis. Moreover, genotype-specific cytokine storms and immune responses were found enriched in patients with the ACE deletion polymorphism, suggesting the contribution to the susceptibility to COVID-19. Finally, we identified the immune pathway such as the complement system related to the ACE protein expression of patients by lung and plasma proteomics. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that it is very important to consider gene polymorphisms in the population to discover a host-based COVID-19 vaccine and drug design for preventive and precision medicine.
Keywords: COVID-19; angiotensin-converting enzyme; cytokine; genotype; immune response.