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Hum Vaccin Immunother . COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes

tetano

tetano

Editor, Senior Moderator
Hum Vaccin Immunother


. 2024 Dec 31;20(1):2324549.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2324549. Epub 2024 Mar 22. COVID-19 vaccines: Immune correlates and clinical outcomes

Shant H Mahrokhian[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Lisa H Tostanoski[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Samuel J Vidal[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Dan H Barouch[SUP] 1 4 5 [/SUP]



Affiliations
Abstract

Severe disease due to COVID-19 has declined dramatically as a result of widespread vaccination and natural immunity in the population. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that largely escape vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses, the efficacy of the original vaccines has waned and has required vaccine updating and boosting. Nevertheless, hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 have remained low. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of immune responses that contribute to population immunity and the mechanisms how vaccines attenuate COVID-19 disease severity.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2 variants; T-cells; immune correlates; mucosal immunity; vaccines.

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