tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Hum Vaccin Immunother
. 2026 Dec;22(1):2616943.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2616943. Epub 2026 Feb 14.
Influenza vaccine Hesitancy in older adults in China: A latent profile analysis
Xian Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sichen Xia[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhu Zhu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Zhou Hui[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jinfeng Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Cuihua Sun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chunxiu Zhou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lihua Ceng[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Influenza vaccination coverage among older adults in China is low. We sought to identify latent vaccine-hesitancy profiles and their correlates. This community-based cross-sectional survey from May to July 2025 involved 1773 older adults from various areas in Jiangsu province. Data were collected via Wenjuanxing and included demographics, the Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, and the vaccine literacy scale. Group differences were examined using chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA; latent profile analysis (LPA) identified vaccine hesitancy subgroups, and multinomial logistic regression estimated correlates of profile membership. Three profiles emerged: Low Hesitancy (23.0%), Moderate Hesitancy (35.0%), and High Hesitancy (42.0%). Rural residence predicted Moderate (OR = 2.030) and High (OR = 2.993) hesitancy. Lower household income and chronic disease were associated with the Moderate Hesitancy profile, whereas male sex was associated with the High Hesitancy profile. Higher interactive (OR = 0.686) and critical (OR = 0.599) vaccine literacy were inversely associated with High hesitancy.Concerns about vaccine quality predicted both Moderate (OR = 1.433) and High (OR = 1.376) groups; knowledge gaps and fear of adverse reactions concentrated in the High group. Older adults show heterogeneous vaccine hesitancy phenotypes. Uptake efforts should move beyond one-size-fits-all messaging toward segmented strategies. These strategies should integrate cost-related measures with literacy-sensitive, trust-oriented communication, prioritizing rural residents, older men, and those with chronic conditions. The reported proportions of hesitancy profiles reflect our sample only and should not be viewed as nationally representative.
Keywords: China; Influenza; latent profile analysis; older adults; risk perception; vaccine hesitancy; vaccine literacy.
. 2026 Dec;22(1):2616943.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2616943. Epub 2026 Feb 14.
Influenza vaccine Hesitancy in older adults in China: A latent profile analysis
Xian Chen[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sichen Xia[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Zhu Zhu[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Zhou Hui[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jinfeng Wu[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Cuihua Sun[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Chunxiu Zhou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lihua Ceng[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 41689585
- DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2026.2616943
Influenza vaccination coverage among older adults in China is low. We sought to identify latent vaccine-hesitancy profiles and their correlates. This community-based cross-sectional survey from May to July 2025 involved 1773 older adults from various areas in Jiangsu province. Data were collected via Wenjuanxing and included demographics, the Influenza Vaccine Hesitancy Scale, and the vaccine literacy scale. Group differences were examined using chi-square tests and one-way ANOVA; latent profile analysis (LPA) identified vaccine hesitancy subgroups, and multinomial logistic regression estimated correlates of profile membership. Three profiles emerged: Low Hesitancy (23.0%), Moderate Hesitancy (35.0%), and High Hesitancy (42.0%). Rural residence predicted Moderate (OR = 2.030) and High (OR = 2.993) hesitancy. Lower household income and chronic disease were associated with the Moderate Hesitancy profile, whereas male sex was associated with the High Hesitancy profile. Higher interactive (OR = 0.686) and critical (OR = 0.599) vaccine literacy were inversely associated with High hesitancy.Concerns about vaccine quality predicted both Moderate (OR = 1.433) and High (OR = 1.376) groups; knowledge gaps and fear of adverse reactions concentrated in the High group. Older adults show heterogeneous vaccine hesitancy phenotypes. Uptake efforts should move beyond one-size-fits-all messaging toward segmented strategies. These strategies should integrate cost-related measures with literacy-sensitive, trust-oriented communication, prioritizing rural residents, older men, and those with chronic conditions. The reported proportions of hesitancy profiles reflect our sample only and should not be viewed as nationally representative.
Keywords: China; Influenza; latent profile analysis; older adults; risk perception; vaccine hesitancy; vaccine literacy.