Shannon Bennett
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3647674/
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 March; 19(3): 456–459.
doi: 10.3201/eid1903.121503
PMCID: PMC3647674
Human Betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012–related Viruses in Bats, Ghana and Europe
Augustina Annan,<SUP>1</SUP> Heather J. Baldwin,<SUP>1</SUP> Victor Max Corman,<SUP>1</SUP> Stefan M. Klose, Michael Owusu, Evans Ewald Nkrumah, Ebenezer Kofi Badu, Priscilla Anti, Olivia Agbenyega, Benjamin Meyer, Samuel Oppong, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, Elisabeth K.V. Kalko,<SUP>2</SUP> Peter H.C. Lina, Elena V. Godlevska, Chantal Reusken, Antje Seebens, Florian Gloza-Rausch, Peter Vallo, Marco Tschapka, Christian Drosten, and Jan Felix Drexler<SUP>
</SUP>
Author affiliations: Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana (A. Annan, M. Owusu);
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.J. Baldwin);
University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H.J. Baldwin, S.M. Klose, E.K.V. Kalko, P. Vallo, M. Tschapka);
University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany (V.M. Corman, B. Meyer, F. Gloza-Rausch, C. Drosten, J.F. Drexler);
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (E.E. Nkrumah, E.K. Badu, P. Anti, O. Agbenyega, S. Oppong, Y.A. Sarkodie);
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama (E.K.V. Kalko, M. Tschapka);
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (P.H.C. Lina);
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine (E.V. Godlevska);
Netherlands Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (C. Reusken); Noctalis, Centre for Bat Protection and Information, Bad Segeberg, Germany (A. Seebens, F. Gloza-Rausch);
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (P. Vallo)
<SUP>
</SUP>Corresponding author.
Addresses for correspondence: Jan Felix Drexler, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, 53127 Bonn, Germany; email: drexler@virology-bonn.de
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Abstract
<!--article-meta-->We screened fecal specimens of 4,758 bats from Ghana and 272 bats from 4 European countries for betacoronaviruses. Viruses related to the novel human betacoronavirus EMC/2012 were detected in 46 (24.9%) of 185 Nycteris bats and 40 (14.7%) of 272 Pipistrellus bats. Their genetic relatedness indicated EMC/2012 originated from bats.
Keywords: Africa, Europe, Ghana, coronavirus, bats, human betacoronavirus, CoV-EMC, viruses
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (1). CoVs are classified into 4 genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus (grouped further into clades 2a–2d), Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Two human coronaviruses (hCoVs), termed hCoV-OC43 and −229E, have been known since the 1960s and cause chiefly mild respiratory disease (2). In 2002–2003, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) leading to ≈850 deaths was caused by a novel group 2b betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV (3). A likely animal reservoir for SARS-CoV was identified in rhinolophid bats (4,5). In the aftermath of the SARS pandemic, 2 hCoVs, termed hCoV-NL63 and -HKU1, and numerous novel bat CoVs were described.
In September 2012, health authorities worldwide were notified of 2 cases of severe respiratory disease caused by a novel hCoV (6,7). This virus, termed EMC/2012, was related to the 2c betacoronavirus clade, which had only been known to contain Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (8).
We previously identified highly diversified alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, but not clade 2c betacoronaviruses, in bats from Ghana (9). We also identified sequence fragments from a 2c betacoronavirus from 1 Pipistrellus bat in Europe (10). In this study, we analyzed an extended sample of 4,758 bats from Ghana and 272 bats from 4 European countries.
Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 March; 19(3): 456–459.
doi: 10.3201/eid1903.121503
PMCID: PMC3647674
Human Betacoronavirus 2c EMC/2012–related Viruses in Bats, Ghana and Europe
Augustina Annan,<SUP>1</SUP> Heather J. Baldwin,<SUP>1</SUP> Victor Max Corman,<SUP>1</SUP> Stefan M. Klose, Michael Owusu, Evans Ewald Nkrumah, Ebenezer Kofi Badu, Priscilla Anti, Olivia Agbenyega, Benjamin Meyer, Samuel Oppong, Yaw Adu Sarkodie, Elisabeth K.V. Kalko,<SUP>2</SUP> Peter H.C. Lina, Elena V. Godlevska, Chantal Reusken, Antje Seebens, Florian Gloza-Rausch, Peter Vallo, Marco Tschapka, Christian Drosten, and Jan Felix Drexler<SUP>
Author affiliations: Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kumasi, Ghana (A. Annan, M. Owusu);
Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia (H.J. Baldwin);
University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany (H.J. Baldwin, S.M. Klose, E.K.V. Kalko, P. Vallo, M. Tschapka);
University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany (V.M. Corman, B. Meyer, F. Gloza-Rausch, C. Drosten, J.F. Drexler);
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi (E.E. Nkrumah, E.K. Badu, P. Anti, O. Agbenyega, S. Oppong, Y.A. Sarkodie);
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama (E.K.V. Kalko, M. Tschapka);
Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands (P.H.C. Lina);
Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, Kiev, Ukraine (E.V. Godlevska);
Netherlands Center for Infectious Disease Control, Bilthoven, the Netherlands (C. Reusken); Noctalis, Centre for Bat Protection and Information, Bad Segeberg, Germany (A. Seebens, F. Gloza-Rausch);
Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic (P. Vallo)
<SUP>
Addresses for correspondence: Jan Felix Drexler, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, 53127 Bonn, Germany; email: drexler@virology-bonn.de
Author information ► Copyright and License information ►
Copyright notice
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Go to:
Abstract
<!--article-meta-->We screened fecal specimens of 4,758 bats from Ghana and 272 bats from 4 European countries for betacoronaviruses. Viruses related to the novel human betacoronavirus EMC/2012 were detected in 46 (24.9%) of 185 Nycteris bats and 40 (14.7%) of 272 Pipistrellus bats. Their genetic relatedness indicated EMC/2012 originated from bats.
Keywords: Africa, Europe, Ghana, coronavirus, bats, human betacoronavirus, CoV-EMC, viruses
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are enveloped viruses with a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome (1). CoVs are classified into 4 genera: Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus (grouped further into clades 2a–2d), Gammacoronavirus, and Deltacoronavirus. Two human coronaviruses (hCoVs), termed hCoV-OC43 and −229E, have been known since the 1960s and cause chiefly mild respiratory disease (2). In 2002–2003, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) leading to ≈850 deaths was caused by a novel group 2b betacoronavirus, SARS-CoV (3). A likely animal reservoir for SARS-CoV was identified in rhinolophid bats (4,5). In the aftermath of the SARS pandemic, 2 hCoVs, termed hCoV-NL63 and -HKU1, and numerous novel bat CoVs were described.
In September 2012, health authorities worldwide were notified of 2 cases of severe respiratory disease caused by a novel hCoV (6,7). This virus, termed EMC/2012, was related to the 2c betacoronavirus clade, which had only been known to contain Tylonycteris bat coronavirus HKU4 and Pipistrellus bat coronavirus HKU5 (8).
We previously identified highly diversified alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses, but not clade 2c betacoronaviruses, in bats from Ghana (9). We also identified sequence fragments from a 2c betacoronavirus from 1 Pipistrellus bat in Europe (10). In this study, we analyzed an extended sample of 4,758 bats from Ghana and 272 bats from 4 European countries.