tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Infect Chemother
. 2023 Nov 1.
doi: 10.3947/ic.2023.0057. Online ahead of print. Magnitude and Duration of Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers Induced by a Third mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron BA.1 in Older Individuals
Jun-Sun Park[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jaehyun Jeon[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jihye Um[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Youn Young Choi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Min-Kyung Kim[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kyung-Shin Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Kyung Sung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hee-Chang Jang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], BumSik Chin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Choon Kwan Kim[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Myung-Don Oh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Chang-Seop Lee[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is dominating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The waning protective effect of available vaccines against the Omicron variant is a critical public health issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of the third COVID-19 vaccination on immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 strain in older individuals.
Materials and methods: Adults aged ≥60 years who had completed two doses of the homologous COVID-19 vaccine with either BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA, BNT) or ChAdOx1 nCoV (SK bioscience, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, ChAd) were registered to receive the third vaccination. Participants chose either BNT or mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Norwood, MA, USA, m1273) mRNA vaccine for the third dose and were categorized into four groups: ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273. Four serum specimens were obtained from each participant at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the third dose (V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively). Serum-neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020 (NCCP43326, ancestral strain) and B.1.1.529 (NCCP43411, Omicron BA.1 variant) was measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A 50% neutralizing dilution (ND[SUB]50[/SUB]) >10 was considered indicative of protective NAb titers.
Results: In total, 186 participants were enrolled between November 24, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The respective groups received the third dose at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 132 (125 - 191), 123 (122 - 126), 186 (166 - 193), and 182 (175 - 198) days after the second dose. Overall, ND[SUB]50[/SUB] was lower at V1 against Omicron BA.1 than against the ancestral strain. NAb titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.1 variant at V2 were increased at least 30-fold (median [IQR], 1235.35 [1021.45 - 2374.65)] and 129.8 [65.3 - 250.7], respectively). ND[SUB]50[/SUB] titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron variant did not differ significantly among the four groups (P = 0.57). NAb titers were significantly lower against the Omicron variant than against the ancestral strain at V3 (median [IQR], 36.4 (17.55 - 75.09) vs. 325.9 [276.07 - 686.97]; P = 0.012). NAb titers against Omicron at V4 were 16 times lower than that at V3. Most sera exhibited a protective level (ND[SUB]50[/SUB] >10) at V4 (75.0% [24/32], 73.0% [27/37], 73.3% [22/30], and 70.6% [12/17] in the ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273 groups, respectively), with no significant differences among groups (P = 0.99).
Conclusion: A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose restored waning NAb titers against Omicron BA.1. Our findings support a third-dose vaccination program to prevent the waning of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: Antibodies, Neutralizing; COVID-19 vaccine third dose; Humoral immunity; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.
. 2023 Nov 1.
doi: 10.3947/ic.2023.0057. Online ahead of print. Magnitude and Duration of Serum Neutralizing Antibody Titers Induced by a Third mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination against Omicron BA.1 in Older Individuals
Jun-Sun Park[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jaehyun Jeon[SUP] #[/SUP][SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jihye Um[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Youn Young Choi[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Min-Kyung Kim[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Kyung-Shin Lee[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ho Kyung Sung[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Hee-Chang Jang[SUP] 5 [/SUP], BumSik Chin[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Choon Kwan Kim[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Myung-Don Oh[SUP] 7 [/SUP], Chang-Seop Lee[SUP] 8 9 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38014726
- DOI: 10.3947/ic.2023.0057
Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is dominating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. The waning protective effect of available vaccines against the Omicron variant is a critical public health issue. This study aimed to assess the impact of the third COVID-19 vaccination on immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 strain in older individuals.
Materials and methods: Adults aged ≥60 years who had completed two doses of the homologous COVID-19 vaccine with either BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech, New York, NY, USA, BNT) or ChAdOx1 nCoV (SK bioscience, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Korea, ChAd) were registered to receive the third vaccination. Participants chose either BNT or mRNA-1273 (Moderna, Norwood, MA, USA, m1273) mRNA vaccine for the third dose and were categorized into four groups: ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273. Four serum specimens were obtained from each participant at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks after the third dose (V1, V2, V3, and V4, respectively). Serum-neutralizing antibody (NAb) activity against BetaCoV/Korea/KCDC03/2020 (NCCP43326, ancestral strain) and B.1.1.529 (NCCP43411, Omicron BA.1 variant) was measured using plaque reduction neutralization tests. A 50% neutralizing dilution (ND[SUB]50[/SUB]) >10 was considered indicative of protective NAb titers.
Results: In total, 186 participants were enrolled between November 24, 2021, and June 30, 2022. The respective groups received the third dose at a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 132 (125 - 191), 123 (122 - 126), 186 (166 - 193), and 182 (175 - 198) days after the second dose. Overall, ND[SUB]50[/SUB] was lower at V1 against Omicron BA.1 than against the ancestral strain. NAb titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron BA.1 variant at V2 were increased at least 30-fold (median [IQR], 1235.35 [1021.45 - 2374.65)] and 129.8 [65.3 - 250.7], respectively). ND[SUB]50[/SUB] titers against the ancestral strain and Omicron variant did not differ significantly among the four groups (P = 0.57). NAb titers were significantly lower against the Omicron variant than against the ancestral strain at V3 (median [IQR], 36.4 (17.55 - 75.09) vs. 325.9 [276.07 - 686.97]; P = 0.012). NAb titers against Omicron at V4 were 16 times lower than that at V3. Most sera exhibited a protective level (ND[SUB]50[/SUB] >10) at V4 (75.0% [24/32], 73.0% [27/37], 73.3% [22/30], and 70.6% [12/17] in the ChAd/ChAd/BNT, ChAd/ChAd/m1273, BNT/BNT/BNT, and BNT/BNT/m1273 groups, respectively), with no significant differences among groups (P = 0.99).
Conclusion: A third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine dose restored waning NAb titers against Omicron BA.1. Our findings support a third-dose vaccination program to prevent the waning of humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: Antibodies, Neutralizing; COVID-19 vaccine third dose; Humoral immunity; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.