tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Infect Dis (Lond)
. 2025 Feb 21:1-14.
doi: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118. Online ahead of print. Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015-2020 molecular epidemiological study
Osvaldo Uez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Andrés Culasso[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Andrea Lerman[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carlos Cimmino[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Rodolfo Campos[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Débora Natalia Marcone[SUP] 3 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness.
Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the P[SUB]epitope[/SUB] model.
Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016-2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019-2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the P[SUB]epitope[/SUB] model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community.
Keywords: Influenza virus; antigenic distance; clades; genetic group; haemagglutinin; phylogeny.
. 2025 Feb 21:1-14.
doi: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118. Online ahead of print. Genetic diversity and impact of vaccination on influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in Mar del Plata, Argentina: a 2015-2020 molecular epidemiological study
Osvaldo Uez[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Andrés Culasso[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Andrea Lerman[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Carlos Cimmino[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Rodolfo Campos[SUP] 3 4 [/SUP], Débora Natalia Marcone[SUP] 3 4 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 39982428
- DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2025.2466118
Background: Influenza A viruses are a major cause of viral respiratory infections in humans, leading to a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild to severe, particularly in high-risk groups. Monitoring the frequency and evolution of A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses is essential for guiding vaccine strain selection and maintaining vaccine effectiveness.
Objectives: To characterize the evolution of circulating influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains in Mar del Plata(MDQ), Argentina, and estimate vaccine efficacy from 2015 to 2020, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Methods: We analyzed 46 influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 strains detected by RT-PCR from patients with acute respiratory infections in MDQ between 2015 and 2020. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood, and vaccine efficacy was estimated with the P[SUB]epitope[/SUB] model.
Results: Seven genetic clades were identified: 6B in 2015, 6B.1 in 2016-2017, 6B.1A, 6B.1A.1, and 6B.1A.3 in 2018, 6B.1A.5A in 2019-2020, and 6B.1A.5a.2 in 2020. Genetic diversity and regional clustering suggested multiple strain introductions from other Argentinian regions or countries. The predicted vaccine efficacy was highest when the frequency of influenza A (H1N1)pmd09 was below 2%, decreasing as viral frequency increased, due to mutations occurring particularly in haemagglutinin epitopes B, C, and E.
Conclusion: Our findings highlight the dynamic evolution of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 in MDQ and emphasize the importance of continuous molecular surveillance and regular vaccine updates. Additionally, the P[SUB]epitope[/SUB] model proved useful in estimating vaccine efficacy. The impact of vaccination in reducing viral frequency when circulating and vaccine strains are well-matched further supports annual influenza vaccination recommendations to minimize viral burden in the community.
Keywords: Influenza virus; antigenic distance; clades; genetic group; haemagglutinin; phylogeny.