tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Lower respiratory tract hemorrhage associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection
Erin D. Kennedy1,2,
Monika Roy2,3,
Jeffrey Norris4,
Alicia M. Fry1,
Mitul Kanzaria1,5,
Dianna M. Blau6,
Wun-Ju Shieh6,
Sherif R. Zaki6,
Kirsten Waller7,
Laurie Kamimoto1,
Lyn Finelli1,
Michael A. Jhung1,
for the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Hemorrhage Working Group?
Article first published online: 20 DEC 2012
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12026
? 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Please cite this paper as: Kennedy et al. for the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Hemorrhage Working Group. (2012) Lower respiratory tract hemorrhage associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12022.
Background Influenza-associated lower respiratory tract hemorrhage (LRTH) has been reported in previous pandemics and is a rare complication of seasonal influenza virus infection. We describe patients with LRTH associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) virus infection identified from April 2009 to April 2010 in the United States.
Methods We ascertained patients with pH1N1-associated LRTH through state and local surveillance, the Emerging Infections Program, and CDCs Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch. All patients had influenza A, evidence of pneumonia, and evidence of LRTH.
Results We identified 44 cases; the median number of days from illness onset to clinical signs of LRTH was one. Hemoptysis or respiratory tract bleeding was documented in 40% of pH1N1-associated LRTH cases, often present early during the course of illness. Twenty-one (48%) patients with LRTH had no other hemorrhagic diatheses. Seven (23%) patients with LRTH received antiviral treatment within two days of illness onset.
Conclusions During influenza season, clinicians should consider influenza infection in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with hemoptysis or other signs or symptoms of LRTH. While the impact of timing of antiviral therapy on this complication has not been studied, the rapid progression of LRTH may support use of early empiric therapy. Continued investigation is necessary to betterdefine the clinical spectrum of both seasonal influenza- and pH1N1-associated LRTH.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.12026/abstract
Erin D. Kennedy1,2,
Monika Roy2,3,
Jeffrey Norris4,
Alicia M. Fry1,
Mitul Kanzaria1,5,
Dianna M. Blau6,
Wun-Ju Shieh6,
Sherif R. Zaki6,
Kirsten Waller7,
Laurie Kamimoto1,
Lyn Finelli1,
Michael A. Jhung1,
for the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Hemorrhage Working Group?
Article first published online: 20 DEC 2012
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12026
? 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Please cite this paper as: Kennedy et al. for the 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza-Associated Lower Respiratory Tract Hemorrhage Working Group. (2012) Lower respiratory tract hemorrhage associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12022.
Background Influenza-associated lower respiratory tract hemorrhage (LRTH) has been reported in previous pandemics and is a rare complication of seasonal influenza virus infection. We describe patients with LRTH associated with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (pH1N1) virus infection identified from April 2009 to April 2010 in the United States.
Methods We ascertained patients with pH1N1-associated LRTH through state and local surveillance, the Emerging Infections Program, and CDCs Infectious Diseases Pathology Branch. All patients had influenza A, evidence of pneumonia, and evidence of LRTH.
Results We identified 44 cases; the median number of days from illness onset to clinical signs of LRTH was one. Hemoptysis or respiratory tract bleeding was documented in 40% of pH1N1-associated LRTH cases, often present early during the course of illness. Twenty-one (48%) patients with LRTH had no other hemorrhagic diatheses. Seven (23%) patients with LRTH received antiviral treatment within two days of illness onset.
Conclusions During influenza season, clinicians should consider influenza infection in the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with hemoptysis or other signs or symptoms of LRTH. While the impact of timing of antiviral therapy on this complication has not been studied, the rapid progression of LRTH may support use of early empiric therapy. Continued investigation is necessary to betterdefine the clinical spectrum of both seasonal influenza- and pH1N1-associated LRTH.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/irv.12026/abstract