tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
. 2023 Sep;17(9):e13185.
doi: 10.1111/irv.13185. Symptom prevalence and secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in rural Kenyan households: A prospective cohort study
Katherine E Gallagher[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Joyce Nyiro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Charles N Agoti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Maitha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James Nyagwange[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angela Karani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christian Bottomley[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nickson Murunga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Githinji[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martin Mutunga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivy Kombe[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amek Nyaguara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], E Wangeci Kagucia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Warimwe[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Ambrose Agweyu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Benjamin Tsofa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Philip Bejon[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], J Anthony G Scott[SUP] 1 2 4 [/SUP], David James Nokes[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Background: We estimated the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among household contacts of PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in rural Kenya and analysed risk factors for transmission.
Methods: We enrolled incident PCR-confirmed cases and their household members. At baseline, a questionnaire, a blood sample, and naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Household members were followed 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after the date of the first PCR-positive in the household; naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected at each visit and used to define secondary cases. Blood samples were collected every 1-2 weeks. Symptoms were collected in a daily symptom diary. We used binomial regression to estimate secondary attack rates and survival analysis to analyse risk factors for transmission.
Results: A total of 119 households with at least one positive household member were enrolled between October 2020 and September 2022, comprising 503 household members; 226 remained in follow-up at day 14 (45%). A total of 43 secondary cases arose within 14 days of identification of the primary case, and 81 household members remained negative. The 7-day secondary attack rate was 4% (95% CI 1%-10%), the 14-day secondary attack rate was 28% (95% CI 17%-40%). Of 38 secondary cases with data, eight reported symptoms (21%, 95% CI 8%-34%). Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at enrolment was not associated with risk of becoming a secondary case.
Conclusion: Households in our setting experienced a lower 7-day attack rate than a recent meta-analysis indicated as the global average (23%-43% depending on variant), and infection is mostly asymptomatic in our setting.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; household transmission; longitudinal cohort; seroprevalence.
. 2023 Sep;17(9):e13185.
doi: 10.1111/irv.13185. Symptom prevalence and secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in rural Kenyan households: A prospective cohort study
Katherine E Gallagher[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Joyce Nyiro[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Charles N Agoti[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Eric Maitha[SUP] 3 [/SUP], James Nyagwange[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Angela Karani[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Christian Bottomley[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Nickson Murunga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Githinji[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Martin Mutunga[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Lynette Isabella Ochola-Oyier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Ivy Kombe[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Amek Nyaguara[SUP] 1 [/SUP], E Wangeci Kagucia[SUP] 1 [/SUP], George Warimwe[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Ambrose Agweyu[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Benjamin Tsofa[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Philip Bejon[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], J Anthony G Scott[SUP] 1 2 4 [/SUP], David James Nokes[SUP] 1 5 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 37752066
- DOI: 10.1111/irv.13185
Background: We estimated the secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 among household contacts of PCR-confirmed cases of COVID-19 in rural Kenya and analysed risk factors for transmission.
Methods: We enrolled incident PCR-confirmed cases and their household members. At baseline, a questionnaire, a blood sample, and naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected. Household members were followed 4, 7, 10, 14, 21 and 28 days after the date of the first PCR-positive in the household; naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected at each visit and used to define secondary cases. Blood samples were collected every 1-2 weeks. Symptoms were collected in a daily symptom diary. We used binomial regression to estimate secondary attack rates and survival analysis to analyse risk factors for transmission.
Results: A total of 119 households with at least one positive household member were enrolled between October 2020 and September 2022, comprising 503 household members; 226 remained in follow-up at day 14 (45%). A total of 43 secondary cases arose within 14 days of identification of the primary case, and 81 household members remained negative. The 7-day secondary attack rate was 4% (95% CI 1%-10%), the 14-day secondary attack rate was 28% (95% CI 17%-40%). Of 38 secondary cases with data, eight reported symptoms (21%, 95% CI 8%-34%). Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at enrolment was not associated with risk of becoming a secondary case.
Conclusion: Households in our setting experienced a lower 7-day attack rate than a recent meta-analysis indicated as the global average (23%-43% depending on variant), and infection is mostly asymptomatic in our setting.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; household transmission; longitudinal cohort; seroprevalence.