tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Environ Health Res
. 2021 Mar 23;1-21.
doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1901865. Online ahead of print.
Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in excreta, sewage, and environment: epidemiological significance and potential risks
Omar Amahmid[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Youssef El Guamri[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Youness Rakibi[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Saadia Ouizat[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mohamed Yazidi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bouchra Razoki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Khadija Kaid Rassou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Souad Asmama[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Khadija Bouhoum[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Driss Belghyti[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients' excreta raises the issue of its occurrence and fate in sewage. This review has focused on the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in human excreta, wastewater, sewage sludge, and river waters. It explored the potential use of the wastewater-based epidemiology approach to report on the situation of current and eventual future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. The main concern of the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment is the public health risks at sites of sewage products disposal and reuse, especially in low-income countries with inadequate sanitation, where direct discharge and reuse of raw sewage are common practices. The review also addressed the role sewage-irrigated agriculture can have in SARS-CoV-2 spread in the environmental compartments reached through sewage products application. An overview was made on the interest of sewage management, water safety, and hygienic practices for controlling the environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: Sarscov-2; environment; health risks; sewage-irrigation; wastewater-based epidemiology.
. 2021 Mar 23;1-21.
doi: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1901865. Online ahead of print.
Occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in excreta, sewage, and environment: epidemiological significance and potential risks
Omar Amahmid[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Youssef El Guamri[SUP] 1 3 [/SUP], Youness Rakibi[SUP] 1 4 [/SUP], Saadia Ouizat[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Mohamed Yazidi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Bouchra Razoki[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Khadija Kaid Rassou[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Souad Asmama[SUP] 6 [/SUP], Khadija Bouhoum[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Driss Belghyti[SUP] 3 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33752527
- DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1901865
Abstract
The detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients' excreta raises the issue of its occurrence and fate in sewage. This review has focused on the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 in human excreta, wastewater, sewage sludge, and river waters. It explored the potential use of the wastewater-based epidemiology approach to report on the situation of current and eventual future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. The main concern of the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment is the public health risks at sites of sewage products disposal and reuse, especially in low-income countries with inadequate sanitation, where direct discharge and reuse of raw sewage are common practices. The review also addressed the role sewage-irrigated agriculture can have in SARS-CoV-2 spread in the environmental compartments reached through sewage products application. An overview was made on the interest of sewage management, water safety, and hygienic practices for controlling the environmental dissemination of SARS-CoV-2.
Keywords: Sarscov-2; environment; health risks; sewage-irrigation; wastewater-based epidemiology.