tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Int J Environ Res Public Health
. 2021 Feb 20;18(4):2079.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042079.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress in Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Gunnar Einvik[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Toril Dammen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Waleed Ghanima[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Trond Heir[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Knut Stavem[SUP] 1 2 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
This population-based study assessed the prevalence and determinants of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients about 1.5-6 months after their COVID-19 onset. The data were acquired from two mixed postal/web surveys in June-September 2020 from patients all aged ?18 years with a positive polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 1 June 2020, comprising both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects. The catchment areas of the two included hospitals covers about 17% of the population of Norway. In total, 211 hospitalized and 938 non-hospitalized subjects received invitation. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was assessed using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Determinants of symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptoms were analyzed using multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis. In total, 583 (51%) subjects responded at median 116 (range 41-200) days after COVID-19 onset. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 9.5% in hospitalized and 7.0% in non-hospitalized subjects (p = 0.80). Female sex, born outside of Norway, and dyspnea during COVID-19 were risk factors for persistent PTSD symptoms. In non-hospitalized subjects, previous depression and COVID-19 symptom load were also associated with persistent PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 symptom load, but not hospitalization, was associated with symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptom severity.
Keywords: COVID-19; cohort study; hospitalized; intensive care unit; outpatients; post-traumatic stress disorder.
. 2021 Feb 20;18(4):2079.
doi: 10.3390/ijerph18042079.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Stress in Hospitalized and Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients
Gunnar Einvik[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Toril Dammen[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Waleed Ghanima[SUP] 2 4 [/SUP], Trond Heir[SUP] 2 5 [/SUP], Knut Stavem[SUP] 1 2 6 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 33672759
- DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042079
Abstract
This population-based study assessed the prevalence and determinants of symptom-defined post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients about 1.5-6 months after their COVID-19 onset. The data were acquired from two mixed postal/web surveys in June-September 2020 from patients all aged ?18 years with a positive polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) until 1 June 2020, comprising both hospitalized and non-hospitalized subjects. The catchment areas of the two included hospitals covers about 17% of the population of Norway. In total, 211 hospitalized and 938 non-hospitalized subjects received invitation. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was assessed using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Determinants of symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptoms were analyzed using multivariable logistic and linear regression analysis. In total, 583 (51%) subjects responded at median 116 (range 41-200) days after COVID-19 onset. The prevalence of symptom-defined PTSD was 9.5% in hospitalized and 7.0% in non-hospitalized subjects (p = 0.80). Female sex, born outside of Norway, and dyspnea during COVID-19 were risk factors for persistent PTSD symptoms. In non-hospitalized subjects, previous depression and COVID-19 symptom load were also associated with persistent PTSD symptoms. In conclusion, COVID-19 symptom load, but not hospitalization, was associated with symptom-defined PTSD and PTSD symptom severity.
Keywords: COVID-19; cohort study; hospitalized; intensive care unit; outpatients; post-traumatic stress disorder.