tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
Intern Emerg Med
. 2021 Oct 12;1-10.
doi: 10.1007/s11739-021-02842-5. Online ahead of print.
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during wave 1 and wave 2 of the current pandemic
David Fluck[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suzanne Rankin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andrea Lewis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jonathan Robin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jacqui Rees[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jo Finch[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yvonne Jones[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Gareth Jones[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kevin Kelly[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Paul Murray[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michael Wood[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Christopher Henry Fry[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Thang Sieu Han[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
In this study of patients admitted with COVID-19, we examined differences between the two waves in patient characteristics and outcomes. Data were collected from the first COVID-19 admission to the end of study (01/03/2020-31/03/2021). Data were adjusted for age and sex and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 12,471 admissions, 1452 (11.6%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. On admission, the mean (± SD) age of patients with other causes was 68.3 years (± 19.8) and those with COVID-19 in wave 1 was 69.4 years (± 18.0) and wave 2 was 66.2 years (± 18.4). Corresponding ages at discharge were 67.5 years (± 19.7), 63.9 years (± 18.0) and 62.4 years (± 18.0). The highest proportion of total admissions was among the oldest group (≥ 80 years) in wave 1 (35.0%). When compared with patients admitted with other causes, those admitted with COVID-19 in wave 1 and in wave 2 were more frequent in the 40-59 year band: 20.8, 24.6 and 30.0%; consisted of more male patients: 47.5, 57.6 and 58.8%; and a high LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity and Emergency department visits) index (score ≥ 10): 39.4, 61.3 and 50.3%. Compared to wave-2 patients, those admitted in wave 1 had greater risk of death in hospital: OR = 1.58 (1.18-2.12) and within 30 days of discharge: OR = 2.91 (1.40-6.04). Survivors of COVID-19 in wave 1 stayed longer in hospital (median = 6.5 days; interquartile range = 2.9-12.0) as compared to survivors from wave 2 (4.5 days; interquartile range = 1.9-8.7). Patient characteristics differed significantly between the two waves of COVID-19 pandemic. There was an improvement in outcomes in wave 2, including shorter length of stay in hospital and reduction of mortality.
Keywords: Coronavirus; Frequent readmission; LACE index; Length of stay; Mortality
. 2021 Oct 12;1-10.
doi: 10.1007/s11739-021-02842-5. Online ahead of print.
Comparison of characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 during wave 1 and wave 2 of the current pandemic
David Fluck[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Suzanne Rankin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andrea Lewis[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jonathan Robin[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Jacqui Rees[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Jo Finch[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Yvonne Jones[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Gareth Jones[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Kevin Kelly[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Paul Murray[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Michael Wood[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Christopher Henry Fry[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Thang Sieu Han[SUP] 6 7 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34637079
- PMCID: PMC8505475
- DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02842-5
Abstract
In this study of patients admitted with COVID-19, we examined differences between the two waves in patient characteristics and outcomes. Data were collected from the first COVID-19 admission to the end of study (01/03/2020-31/03/2021). Data were adjusted for age and sex and presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 12,471 admissions, 1452 (11.6%) patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. On admission, the mean (± SD) age of patients with other causes was 68.3 years (± 19.8) and those with COVID-19 in wave 1 was 69.4 years (± 18.0) and wave 2 was 66.2 years (± 18.4). Corresponding ages at discharge were 67.5 years (± 19.7), 63.9 years (± 18.0) and 62.4 years (± 18.0). The highest proportion of total admissions was among the oldest group (≥ 80 years) in wave 1 (35.0%). When compared with patients admitted with other causes, those admitted with COVID-19 in wave 1 and in wave 2 were more frequent in the 40-59 year band: 20.8, 24.6 and 30.0%; consisted of more male patients: 47.5, 57.6 and 58.8%; and a high LACE (Length of stay, Acuity of admission, Comorbidity and Emergency department visits) index (score ≥ 10): 39.4, 61.3 and 50.3%. Compared to wave-2 patients, those admitted in wave 1 had greater risk of death in hospital: OR = 1.58 (1.18-2.12) and within 30 days of discharge: OR = 2.91 (1.40-6.04). Survivors of COVID-19 in wave 1 stayed longer in hospital (median = 6.5 days; interquartile range = 2.9-12.0) as compared to survivors from wave 2 (4.5 days; interquartile range = 1.9-8.7). Patient characteristics differed significantly between the two waves of COVID-19 pandemic. There was an improvement in outcomes in wave 2, including shorter length of stay in hospital and reduction of mortality.
Keywords: Coronavirus; Frequent readmission; LACE index; Length of stay; Mortality