tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
iScience
. 2023 Nov 14;26(12):108474.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108474. eCollection 2023 Dec 15. Breakthrough SARS-COV-2 infection induces broad anti-viral T cell immunity
Katie Eireann Lineburg[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pauline Crooks[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jyothy Raju[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laetitia Le Texier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Panteha Khaledi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kiana Berry[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Srividhya Swaminathan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Archana Panikkar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sweera Rehan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristyan Guppy-Coles[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michelle Anne Neller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajiv Khanna[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corey Smith[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Vaccines have curtailed the devastation wrought by COVID-19. Nevertheless, emerging variants result in a high incidence of breakthrough infections. Here we assess the impact of vaccination and breakthrough infection on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T cell immunity. We demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccination induces robust spike-specific T cell responses that, within the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] compartment, display comparable IFN-γ responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection without vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] IFN-γ responses however, were significantly greater than those primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This increased responsiveness is associated with induction of novel HLA-restricted CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell epitopes not primed by infection alone (without vaccination). Despite these augmented responses, breakthrough infection still induced de novo T cell responses against additional SARS-CoV-2 CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] epitopes that display HLA-associated immunodominance hierarchies consistent with those in unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescent individuals. This study demonstrates the unique modulation of anti-viral T cell responses against multiple viral antigens following consecutive yet distinct priming events in COVID-19 vaccination and breakthrough infection.
Keywords: Biological sciences; Immune response; Immunology; Virology.
. 2023 Nov 14;26(12):108474.
doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108474. eCollection 2023 Dec 15. Breakthrough SARS-COV-2 infection induces broad anti-viral T cell immunity
Katie Eireann Lineburg[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Pauline Crooks[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Jyothy Raju[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Laetitia Le Texier[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Panteha Khaledi[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kiana Berry[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Srividhya Swaminathan[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Archana Panikkar[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Sweera Rehan[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Kristyan Guppy-Coles[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Michelle Anne Neller[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Rajiv Khanna[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Corey Smith[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 38077128
- PMCID: PMC10698266
- DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108474
Vaccines have curtailed the devastation wrought by COVID-19. Nevertheless, emerging variants result in a high incidence of breakthrough infections. Here we assess the impact of vaccination and breakthrough infection on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) T cell immunity. We demonstrate that COVID-19 vaccination induces robust spike-specific T cell responses that, within the CD4[SUP]+[/SUP] compartment, display comparable IFN-γ responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection without vaccination. Vaccine-induced CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] IFN-γ responses however, were significantly greater than those primed by SARS-CoV-2 infection alone. This increased responsiveness is associated with induction of novel HLA-restricted CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] T cell epitopes not primed by infection alone (without vaccination). Despite these augmented responses, breakthrough infection still induced de novo T cell responses against additional SARS-CoV-2 CD8[SUP]+[/SUP] epitopes that display HLA-associated immunodominance hierarchies consistent with those in unvaccinated COVID-19 convalescent individuals. This study demonstrates the unique modulation of anti-viral T cell responses against multiple viral antigens following consecutive yet distinct priming events in COVID-19 vaccination and breakthrough infection.
Keywords: Biological sciences; Immune response; Immunology; Virology.