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Isolation of H5 avian influenza viruses from domestic poultry in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia, in 2010 - 2011
Luh Ade Wilan Krjsna, Masaoki Yamaoka, Aldise Mareta Nastri, Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto, Laksmi Wulandari, Resti Yudhawati, Landia Setiawati, Retno Asih Setyoningrum, Teridah Ermala Ginting, Akiko Makino, Kyoko Shinya, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
The H5NI subtype of avian influenza viruses have recently become an important zoonotic pathogen. Since 2003, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been endemic in poultry found in Southeast Asia (Soda, 2008). Among the Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia is the most affected by H5NI HPAI, with the virus being found in 31 of its 33 provinces (Health Department in Indonesia, 2008). Yet, little is known about the diversity of H5NI HPAI viruses circulating in backyard farms, where chickens and ducks often intermingle. Here, we report on H5NI HPAI viral strains isolated from domestic poultry (backyard chickens and ducks) in west Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia during 2010-2011.
We obtained a total of 12 cloacal swabs. These samples were inoculated into 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, incubated at 37?C for two days, and followed by harvesting of allantoic fluid. Eight samples were positive for hemagglutinin (HA).
We obtained six positive samples for the H5 subtype by RT-PCR using a H5-specific primer pair. HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the three samples were subsequently sequenced and processed for phylogenetic analysis.
Molecular characterization of the H5NI viruses confirmed that they harbored the cleavage site in HA genes characteristic of HPAI, although none had mutations that accelerate mammalian adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that H5N1 viruses belong to clade 2.3.1, which is prevalent in Indonesia. Gene homology analysis revealed a more than 90% match with the sequences of human isolates.
Our findings suggest that virus surveillance studies are useful for understanding the genetic characteristics and evolution of endemic influenza viruses in Indonesia.
References
Soda K, Ozaki H, Sakoda Y, [soda N, Haraguchi Y, Sakabi S, Kuboki N, Kishida N, Takada A, Kida H. 2008. Antigenic and genetic analysis of H5 influenza viruses isolated from water birds for the purpose of vaccine use. Arch Virol 153:2041-2048.
Departemen Kesehatan. Health Department in Indonesia. 2008. Data of avian influenza cases in Indonesia until January 24, 2008. http://www.ppmplp.depkes.go.id [January 24, 2008].
From: Asian-African Research Forum on Emerging and Reemerging Infections 2012
Date January 11 Wed. to 12 Thu., 2012
Venue Kobe International Conference Center
Conference Schedule and Abstracts -
http://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/jgrid/sh...ctions2012.pdf
Credits to mixin for pointing out these conference abstracts
Luh Ade Wilan Krjsna, Masaoki Yamaoka, Aldise Mareta Nastri, Emmanuel Djoko Poetranto, Laksmi Wulandari, Resti Yudhawati, Landia Setiawati, Retno Asih Setyoningrum, Teridah Ermala Ginting, Akiko Makino, Kyoko Shinya, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
The H5NI subtype of avian influenza viruses have recently become an important zoonotic pathogen. Since 2003, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been endemic in poultry found in Southeast Asia (Soda, 2008). Among the Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia is the most affected by H5NI HPAI, with the virus being found in 31 of its 33 provinces (Health Department in Indonesia, 2008). Yet, little is known about the diversity of H5NI HPAI viruses circulating in backyard farms, where chickens and ducks often intermingle. Here, we report on H5NI HPAI viral strains isolated from domestic poultry (backyard chickens and ducks) in west Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia during 2010-2011.
We obtained a total of 12 cloacal swabs. These samples were inoculated into 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs, incubated at 37?C for two days, and followed by harvesting of allantoic fluid. Eight samples were positive for hemagglutinin (HA).
We obtained six positive samples for the H5 subtype by RT-PCR using a H5-specific primer pair. HA and neuraminidase (NA) genes from the three samples were subsequently sequenced and processed for phylogenetic analysis.
Molecular characterization of the H5NI viruses confirmed that they harbored the cleavage site in HA genes characteristic of HPAI, although none had mutations that accelerate mammalian adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that H5N1 viruses belong to clade 2.3.1, which is prevalent in Indonesia. Gene homology analysis revealed a more than 90% match with the sequences of human isolates.
Our findings suggest that virus surveillance studies are useful for understanding the genetic characteristics and evolution of endemic influenza viruses in Indonesia.
References
Soda K, Ozaki H, Sakoda Y, [soda N, Haraguchi Y, Sakabi S, Kuboki N, Kishida N, Takada A, Kida H. 2008. Antigenic and genetic analysis of H5 influenza viruses isolated from water birds for the purpose of vaccine use. Arch Virol 153:2041-2048.
Departemen Kesehatan. Health Department in Indonesia. 2008. Data of avian influenza cases in Indonesia until January 24, 2008. http://www.ppmplp.depkes.go.id [January 24, 2008].
From: Asian-African Research Forum on Emerging and Reemerging Infections 2012
Date January 11 Wed. to 12 Thu., 2012
Venue Kobe International Conference Center
Conference Schedule and Abstracts -
http://www.med.kobe-u.ac.jp/jgrid/sh...ctions2012.pdf
Credits to mixin for pointing out these conference abstracts