tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Gen Virol
. 2021 Nov;102(11).
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001692.
Antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 proteins N, S and E in COVID-19 patients in the normal population and in historical samples
Aleksander Szymczak[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Natalia Jędruchniewicz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Torelli[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Agata Kaczmarzyk-Radka[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rosa Coluccio[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marlena Kłak[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andrzej Konieczny[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stanisław Ferenc[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Wojciech Witkiewicz[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Emanuele Montomoli[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Paulina Miernikiewicz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Remigiusz Bąchor[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Krystyna Dąbrowska[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally; recognition of immune responses to this virus will be crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control, prevention and treatment. We comprehensively analysed IgG and IgA antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N), spike protein domain 1 (S1) and envelope protein (E) in: SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, healthy, historical and pre-epidemic samples, including patients' medical, epidemiological and diagnostic data, virus-neutralizing capability and kinetics. N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection. Serum IgG levels correlate to IgA levels. Half a year after infection, anti-N and anti-S1 IgG decreased, but sera preserved virus-inhibitory potency; thus, testing for IgG may underestimate the protective potential of antibodies. Historical and pre-epidemic sera did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2, thus its circulation before the pandemic and a protective role from antibodies pre-induced by other coronaviruses cannot be confirmed by this study.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; acquired immunity; antibodies; coronavirus; immunology.
. 2021 Nov;102(11).
doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.001692.
Antibodies specific to SARS-CoV-2 proteins N, S and E in COVID-19 patients in the normal population and in historical samples
Aleksander Szymczak[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Natalia Jędruchniewicz[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Alessandro Torelli[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Agata Kaczmarzyk-Radka[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Rosa Coluccio[SUP] 3 [/SUP], Marlena Kłak[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Andrzej Konieczny[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Stanisław Ferenc[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Wojciech Witkiewicz[SUP] 2 3 [/SUP], Emanuele Montomoli[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Paulina Miernikiewicz[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Remigiusz Bąchor[SUP] 1 6 [/SUP], Krystyna Dąbrowska[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP]
Affiliations
- PMID: 34816794
- DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001692
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally; recognition of immune responses to this virus will be crucial for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control, prevention and treatment. We comprehensively analysed IgG and IgA antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (N), spike protein domain 1 (S1) and envelope protein (E) in: SARS-CoV-2-infected patient, healthy, historical and pre-epidemic samples, including patients' medical, epidemiological and diagnostic data, virus-neutralizing capability and kinetics. N-specific IgG and IgA are the most reliable diagnostic targets for infection. Serum IgG levels correlate to IgA levels. Half a year after infection, anti-N and anti-S1 IgG decreased, but sera preserved virus-inhibitory potency; thus, testing for IgG may underestimate the protective potential of antibodies. Historical and pre-epidemic sera did not inhibit SARS-CoV-2, thus its circulation before the pandemic and a protective role from antibodies pre-induced by other coronaviruses cannot be confirmed by this study.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; acquired immunity; antibodies; coronavirus; immunology.