tetano
Editor, Senior Moderator
J Immunol
. 2022 Sep 9;ji2200272.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200272. Online ahead of print.
Longitudinal Characterization of Phagocytic and Neutralization Functions of Anti-Spike Antibodies in Plasma of Patients after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Anurag Adhikari[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Arunasingam Abayasingam[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chaturaka Rodrigo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], David Agapiou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Elvis Pandzic[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nicholas A Brasher[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bentotage Samitha Madushan Fernando[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elizabeth Keoshkerian[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hui Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ha Na Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Megan Lord[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gordona Popovic[SUP] 6 [/SUP], William Rawlinson[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Michael Mina[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Jeffrey J Post[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Bernard Hudson[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Nicky Gilroy[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Dominic Dwyer[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Sarah C Sasson[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Branka Grubor-Bauk[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Andrew R Lloyd[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marianne Martinello[SUP] 2 12 [/SUP], Rowena A Bull[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nicodemus Tedla, COSIN Study Group
Affiliations
Abstract
Phagocytic responses by effector cells to opsonized viruses have been recognized to play a key role in antiviral immunity. Limited data on coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the role of Ab-dependent and -independent phagocytosis may contribute to the observed immunological and inflammatory responses; however, their development, duration, and role remain to be fully elucidated. In this study of 62 acute and convalescent patients, we found that patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 can mount a phagocytic response to autologous plasma-opsonized Spike protein-coated microbeads as early as 10 d after symptom onset, while heat inactivation of this plasma caused 77-95% abrogation of the phagocytic response and preblocking of Fc receptors showed variable 18-60% inhibition. In convalescent patients, phagocytic response significantly correlated with anti-Spike IgG titers and older patients, while patients with severe disease had significantly higher phagocytosis and neutralization functions compared with patients with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. A longitudinal subset of the convalescent patients over 12 mo showed an increase in plasma Ab affinity toward Spike Ag and preservation of phagocytic and neutralization functions, despite a decline in the anti-Spike IgG titers by >90%. Our data suggest that early phagocytosis is primarily driven by heat-liable components of the plasma, such as activated complements, while anti-Spike IgG titers account for the majority of observed phagocytosis at convalescence. Longitudinally, a significant increase in the affinity of the anti-Spike Abs was observed that correlated with the maintenance of both the phagocytic and neutralization functions, suggesting an improvement in the quality of the Abs.
. 2022 Sep 9;ji2200272.
doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200272. Online ahead of print.
Longitudinal Characterization of Phagocytic and Neutralization Functions of Anti-Spike Antibodies in Plasma of Patients after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection
Anurag Adhikari[SUP] 1 2 3 [/SUP], Arunasingam Abayasingam[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Chaturaka Rodrigo[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], David Agapiou[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Elvis Pandzic[SUP] 4 [/SUP], Nicholas A Brasher[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Bentotage Samitha Madushan Fernando[SUP] 1 [/SUP], Elizabeth Keoshkerian[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Hui Li[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Ha Na Kim[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Megan Lord[SUP] 5 [/SUP], Gordona Popovic[SUP] 6 [/SUP], William Rawlinson[SUP] 1 7 [/SUP], Michael Mina[SUP] 8 [/SUP], Jeffrey J Post[SUP] 9 [/SUP], Bernard Hudson[SUP] 10 [/SUP], Nicky Gilroy[SUP] 11 [/SUP], Dominic Dwyer[SUP] 12 [/SUP], Sarah C Sasson[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Branka Grubor-Bauk[SUP] 13 [/SUP], Andrew R Lloyd[SUP] 2 [/SUP], Marianne Martinello[SUP] 2 12 [/SUP], Rowena A Bull[SUP] 1 2 [/SUP], Nicodemus Tedla, COSIN Study Group
Affiliations
- PMID: 36165172
- DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200272
Abstract
Phagocytic responses by effector cells to opsonized viruses have been recognized to play a key role in antiviral immunity. Limited data on coronavirus disease 2019 suggest that the role of Ab-dependent and -independent phagocytosis may contribute to the observed immunological and inflammatory responses; however, their development, duration, and role remain to be fully elucidated. In this study of 62 acute and convalescent patients, we found that patients with acute coronavirus disease 2019 can mount a phagocytic response to autologous plasma-opsonized Spike protein-coated microbeads as early as 10 d after symptom onset, while heat inactivation of this plasma caused 77-95% abrogation of the phagocytic response and preblocking of Fc receptors showed variable 18-60% inhibition. In convalescent patients, phagocytic response significantly correlated with anti-Spike IgG titers and older patients, while patients with severe disease had significantly higher phagocytosis and neutralization functions compared with patients with asymptomatic, mild, or moderate disease. A longitudinal subset of the convalescent patients over 12 mo showed an increase in plasma Ab affinity toward Spike Ag and preservation of phagocytic and neutralization functions, despite a decline in the anti-Spike IgG titers by >90%. Our data suggest that early phagocytosis is primarily driven by heat-liable components of the plasma, such as activated complements, while anti-Spike IgG titers account for the majority of observed phagocytosis at convalescence. Longitudinally, a significant increase in the affinity of the anti-Spike Abs was observed that correlated with the maintenance of both the phagocytic and neutralization functions, suggesting an improvement in the quality of the Abs.